﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  291 
  

  

  ordinary 
  cut. 
  Costumes 
  and 
  dances 
  varied 
  widely 
  from 
  province 
  

   to 
  province. 
  

  

  Cobo 
  gives 
  brief 
  descriptions 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  dances 
  used 
  in 
  Cuzco. 
  

   The 
  most 
  common, 
  called 
  *guacon, 
  was 
  restricted 
  to 
  men. 
  The 
  danc- 
  

   ers 
  wore 
  masks 
  and 
  carried 
  animal 
  skins 
  or 
  dried 
  animals 
  in 
  their 
  

   hands. 
  The 
  dance 
  involved 
  a 
  lot 
  of 
  jumping. 
  Another 
  dance, 
  called 
  

   *guayayturilla, 
  was 
  for 
  both 
  men 
  and 
  women, 
  who 
  painted 
  their 
  faces 
  

   and 
  wore 
  a 
  gold 
  or 
  silver 
  ornament 
  over 
  the 
  nose. 
  The 
  accompani- 
  

   ment 
  was 
  played 
  on 
  an 
  instrument 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  dried 
  head 
  of 
  a 
  deer. 
  

   One 
  dancer 
  led 
  off, 
  and 
  the 
  rest 
  followed. 
  In 
  a 
  farmer's 
  dance 
  

   (haylyi) 
  imitating 
  the 
  plowing 
  festival, 
  men 
  and 
  women 
  carried 
  the 
  

   agricultural 
  implements 
  they 
  used 
  for 
  breaking 
  the 
  earth. 
  The 
  war- 
  

   rior's 
  dance 
  (*cachua) 
  was 
  only 
  performed 
  on 
  solemn 
  occasions. 
  Both 
  

   sexes 
  took 
  part, 
  the 
  men 
  dressed 
  for 
  war. 
  The 
  dancers 
  performed 
  in 
  

   a 
  circle 
  with 
  joined 
  hands. 
  

  

  The 
  Inca 
  family 
  had 
  a 
  special 
  dance 
  (way-yaya) 
  which 
  was 
  led 
  by 
  

   men 
  carrying 
  the 
  royal 
  standard 
  and 
  the 
  campi. 
  It 
  was 
  accompa- 
  

   nied 
  by 
  a 
  great 
  drum 
  which 
  an 
  Indian 
  of 
  low 
  birth 
  carried 
  on 
  his 
  back 
  

   and 
  a 
  woman 
  beat. 
  Men 
  and 
  women 
  joined 
  hands 
  to 
  form 
  long 
  lines, 
  

   with 
  the 
  sexes 
  mixed 
  or 
  with 
  men 
  in 
  one 
  line 
  and 
  women 
  in 
  another. 
  

   Two 
  or 
  three 
  hundred 
  people 
  took 
  part. 
  The 
  step 
  was 
  slow 
  and 
  

   dignified: 
  one 
  step 
  backward 
  and 
  two 
  steps 
  forward, 
  progressing 
  

   across 
  the 
  Great 
  Square 
  to 
  where 
  the 
  Emperor 
  sat. 
  

  

  Another 
  Inca 
  dance 
  was 
  performed 
  by 
  a 
  man 
  with 
  a 
  noble 
  lady 
  on 
  

   each 
  hand. 
  The 
  movement 
  consisted 
  in 
  twisting 
  and 
  untwisting 
  the 
  

   group 
  without 
  letting 
  go, 
  and 
  struck 
  Father 
  Cobo 
  as 
  being 
  the 
  most 
  

   interesting 
  and 
  pleasing 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  Indian 
  dances. 
  All 
  dance 
  steps 
  

   were 
  very 
  simple 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  14, 
  ch. 
  17). 
  

  

  The 
  word 
  for 
  dance 
  mask 
  was 
  saynata, 
  and 
  Gonzalez' 
  definition 
  

   indicates 
  that 
  some 
  masked 
  dancers 
  were 
  buffoons 
  (Gonzalez, 
  1608, 
  

   under 
  *caynata 
  and 
  *saynata). 
  It 
  would 
  be 
  interesting 
  to 
  know 
  

   whether 
  the 
  masked 
  dancers 
  ever 
  represented 
  supernatural 
  beings 
  or 
  

   the 
  dead, 
  but 
  the 
  chroniclers 
  do 
  not 
  state 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  the 
  masks. 
  

  

  Narcotics. 
  — 
  Narcotics 
  were 
  unimportant 
  in 
  Inca 
  culture. 
  No 
  nar- 
  

   cotic 
  was 
  taken 
  expressly 
  to 
  obtain 
  visions, 
  although 
  suitable 
  drugs 
  

   were 
  available 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  forests 
  (notably 
  ayahuasca). 
  The 
  

   strongest 
  drug-containing 
  substance 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  Inca 
  was 
  coca, 
  next 
  

   tobacco, 
  and 
  finally, 
  perhaps 
  wil'ka, 
  the 
  narcotic 
  properties 
  of 
  which 
  

   have 
  never 
  been 
  analyzed. 
  

  

  Coca 
  (Erythroxylon 
  coca; 
  Quechua, 
  koka) 
  is 
  a 
  low 
  bush 
  which 
  grows 
  

   in 
  the 
  wettest 
  belt 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  Andes. 
  The 
  leaf 
  had 
  

   been 
  used 
  through 
  the 
  Andes 
  for 
  centuries 
  before 
  the 
  Inca 
  conquest, 
  

   as 
  attested 
  by 
  its 
  presence 
  in 
  graves 
  on 
  the 
  Coast, 
  but 
  the 
  Inca 
  

   restricted 
  its 
  use 
  to 
  the 
  nobility 
  and 
  the 
  demands 
  of 
  religion. 
  In 
  the 
  

   early 
  Colonial 
  Period, 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  enlarged 
  the 
  coca 
  plantations 
  and 
  

  

  