﻿306 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  tion 
  of 
  a 
  new 
  Emperor 
  (when 
  200 
  children 
  were 
  sacrificed) 
  , 
  when 
  the 
  

   Emperor 
  went 
  to 
  war 
  in 
  person, 
  or 
  when 
  he 
  was 
  sick. 
  33 
  There 
  were 
  

   three 
  types 
  of 
  victims. 
  When 
  a 
  new 
  province 
  was 
  conquered, 
  a 
  few 
  

   of 
  the 
  handsomest 
  inhabitants 
  were 
  brought 
  to 
  Cuzco 
  and 
  sacrificed 
  

   to 
  the 
  Sun 
  in 
  thanks 
  for 
  victory. 
  All 
  other 
  victims 
  were 
  boys 
  and 
  

   girls 
  collected 
  from 
  the 
  provinces 
  as 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  regular 
  taxation, 
  or 
  

   offered 
  by 
  their 
  parents 
  in 
  time 
  of 
  terrible 
  need. 
  They 
  had 
  to 
  be 
  

   physically 
  perfect, 
  without 
  marks 
  or 
  blemishes, 
  the 
  boys, 
  about 
  10 
  

   years 
  old, 
  the 
  girls 
  10 
  to 
  15. 
  The 
  girls 
  were 
  picked 
  from 
  the 
  Chosen 
  

   Ones 
  being 
  educated 
  in 
  the 
  convents. 
  The 
  children 
  were 
  feasted 
  

   before 
  being 
  sacrificed, 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  might 
  not 
  go 
  hungry 
  or 
  unhappy 
  

   to 
  the 
  Creator; 
  older 
  cnildren 
  were 
  usually 
  made 
  drunk 
  first. 
  

  

  The 
  victims 
  were 
  made 
  to 
  walk 
  around 
  the 
  image 
  or 
  cult 
  object 
  two 
  

   or 
  three 
  times, 
  and 
  were 
  then 
  strangled 
  with 
  a 
  cord, 
  their 
  throats 
  cut, 
  

   or 
  their 
  hearts 
  cut 
  out 
  and 
  offered 
  to 
  the 
  deity 
  still 
  beating. 
  With 
  

   the 
  victim's 
  blood, 
  the 
  priest 
  drew 
  a 
  line 
  across 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  image 
  

   or 
  royal 
  mummy 
  bundle 
  from 
  ear 
  to 
  ear, 
  passing 
  across 
  the 
  nose. 
  

   Sometimes 
  the 
  blood 
  was 
  smeared 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  image 
  and 
  

   sometimes 
  it 
  was 
  poured 
  on 
  the 
  ground. 
  

  

  When 
  an 
  Indian 
  was 
  very 
  sick, 
  and 
  the 
  diviner 
  told 
  him 
  he 
  would 
  

   surely 
  die, 
  he 
  sometimes 
  sacrificed 
  his 
  own 
  son 
  to 
  Viracocha 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  

   Sun, 
  praying 
  that 
  the 
  god 
  be 
  satisfied 
  with 
  the 
  life 
  offered 
  and 
  spare 
  

   his 
  own. 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  13, 
  ch. 
  21; 
  Molina 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  19T3, 
  

   pp. 
  177, 
  183; 
  Moriia, 
  1922-25, 
  bk. 
  3, 
  ch. 
  44, 
  bk. 
  4, 
  ch. 
  2; 
  Cieza, 
  1880, 
  

   bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  28; 
  Polo, 
  1926 
  a, 
  ch. 
  9.) 
  

  

  The 
  usual 
  sacrifices, 
  however, 
  were 
  llamas 
  and 
  guinea 
  pigs, 
  which 
  

   were 
  offered 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  huacas. 
  Wild 
  animals 
  were 
  

   not 
  ordinarily 
  sacrificed, 
  except 
  that 
  birds 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  war 
  rite. 
  

   (See 
  Warfare, 
  p. 
  280.) 
  A 
  ceremonially 
  fixed 
  number 
  of 
  llamas 
  were 
  

   chosen, 
  each 
  animal 
  having 
  a 
  color, 
  amount 
  of 
  wool, 
  and 
  markings 
  

   appropriate 
  to 
  the 
  god, 
  the 
  festival, 
  and 
  the 
  season. 
  Brown 
  llamas 
  

   were 
  usually 
  sacrificed 
  to 
  Viracocha, 
  white 
  llamas 
  and 
  alpacas 
  to 
  the 
  

   Sun, 
  and 
  particolored 
  llamas 
  to 
  the 
  Thunder. 
  The 
  priest 
  led 
  the 
  

   animal 
  around 
  the 
  image, 
  then 
  took 
  its 
  head 
  over 
  his 
  right 
  arm, 
  turned 
  

   it 
  toward 
  the 
  god, 
  said 
  the 
  words 
  of 
  offering, 
  and 
  slit 
  its 
  throat. 
  

  

  Food 
  and 
  chicha 
  were 
  regularly 
  offered 
  to 
  the 
  huacas 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  

   bodies 
  of 
  dead 
  Emperors. 
  The 
  food 
  was 
  burned, 
  and 
  the 
  chicha 
  poured 
  

   onto 
  the 
  ground. 
  When 
  the 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  Sun 
  was 
  burned, 
  an 
  attend- 
  

   ant 
  announced 
  the 
  offering 
  in 
  a 
  loud 
  voice, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  Indians 
  within 
  

   hearing 
  sat 
  without 
  speaking 
  or 
  coughing 
  until 
  the 
  offering 
  was 
  con- 
  

   sumed. 
  In 
  public 
  festivals, 
  the 
  Emperor 
  poured 
  an 
  offering 
  of 
  chicha 
  

  

  3J 
  A 
  survival 
  of 
  human 
  sacrifice 
  is 
  reported 
  from 
  Huayllabamba 
  in 
  the 
  Urubamba 
  Valley 
  by 
  Juan 
  Jos6 
  

   Escobar, 
  of 
  Cuzco. 
  About 
  1903, 
  during 
  a 
  severe 
  drought, 
  the 
  villagers 
  decided 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  sacrifice 
  to 
  the 
  

   Urubamba 
  River. 
  The 
  sorcerors 
  picked 
  a 
  victim, 
  and 
  persuaded 
  him 
  to 
  offer 
  himself. 
  A 
  great 
  festival 
  was 
  

   held, 
  and 
  the 
  victim 
  got 
  drunk 
  and 
  threw 
  himself 
  into 
  the 
  river 
  from 
  a 
  bridge. 
  

  

  