﻿Vol.2] 
  INCA 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  ROWE 
  313 
  

  

  colors 
  of 
  maize 
  flour, 
  added 
  ground 
  sea 
  shells, 
  and 
  put 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  

   powder 
  on 
  the 
  sick 
  man's 
  hand. 
  The 
  patient 
  blew 
  the 
  powder 
  in 
  the 
  

   direction 
  of 
  the 
  huacas 
  with 
  a 
  prayer. 
  Then 
  he 
  offered 
  a 
  little 
  coca 
  

   to 
  the 
  Sun 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way, 
  and 
  scattered 
  bits 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  on 
  

   the 
  ground 
  as 
  an 
  offering 
  to 
  Viracocha. 
  In 
  case 
  the 
  man's 
  ancestors 
  

   were 
  angry, 
  the 
  curer 
  ordered 
  him 
  to 
  set 
  food 
  on 
  their 
  tombs 
  or 
  in 
  

   some 
  designated 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  house 
  and 
  to 
  pour 
  some 
  chicha 
  on 
  the 
  

   ground. 
  If 
  the 
  sick 
  man 
  were 
  well 
  enough 
  to 
  walk, 
  the 
  curer 
  made 
  him 
  

   go 
  to 
  a 
  place 
  where 
  two 
  rivers 
  met 
  and 
  wash 
  his 
  body 
  with 
  water 
  

   and 
  white 
  maize 
  flour; 
  if 
  he 
  were 
  too 
  sick 
  to 
  walk, 
  he 
  was 
  washed 
  in 
  

   the 
  house. 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  curer 
  decided 
  that 
  the 
  sickness 
  resulted 
  from 
  displacement 
  

   of 
  the 
  internal 
  organs 
  or 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  some 
  foreign 
  object 
  in 
  the 
  

   body, 
  he 
  rubbed 
  the 
  body 
  with 
  guinea 
  pig 
  fat, 
  massaged, 
  or 
  sucked. 
  

   He 
  sucked 
  where 
  pain 
  was 
  felt, 
  then 
  exhibited 
  blood, 
  worms, 
  small 
  

   stones, 
  toads, 
  bits 
  of 
  silver, 
  straw, 
  sticks, 
  or 
  maize 
  and 
  announced 
  

   that 
  the 
  object 
  had 
  caused 
  the 
  pain. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  disease 
  were 
  caused 
  by 
  black 
  magic 
  or 
  poison, 
  the 
  sick 
  man 
  

   consulted 
  a 
  sorcerer 
  for 
  the 
  cure. 
  The 
  chroniclers 
  give 
  no 
  details 
  

   about 
  the 
  methods 
  employed, 
  but 
  they 
  probably 
  were 
  very 
  similar 
  

   to 
  those 
  described 
  for 
  the 
  modern 
  Aymara. 
  If 
  the 
  diviner 
  declared 
  

   that 
  the 
  illness 
  was 
  incurable, 
  a 
  man 
  might 
  sacrifice 
  his 
  own 
  child 
  in 
  

   the 
  hope 
  that 
  the 
  angry 
  supernatural 
  being, 
  satisfied 
  with 
  one 
  life, 
  

   would 
  spare 
  him. 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  elaborate 
  cure 
  was 
  practiced 
  when 
  a 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  royal 
  

   family 
  or 
  some 
  other 
  important 
  person 
  became 
  seriously 
  ill. 
  The 
  

   curers 
  first 
  purified 
  a 
  small 
  room 
  by 
  cleaning 
  it, 
  sprinkling 
  black 
  

   maize 
  flour 
  on 
  its 
  floor 
  and 
  walls, 
  and 
  burning 
  maize 
  in 
  it, 
  then 
  repeat- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  ceremony 
  with 
  white 
  maize 
  flour. 
  The 
  sick 
  person 
  was 
  brought 
  

   in 
  and 
  put 
  to 
  sleep, 
  apparently 
  by 
  hypnotism, 
  and 
  the 
  curers 
  cut 
  him 
  

   open 
  with 
  crystal 
  knives 
  and 
  took 
  snakes, 
  toads, 
  and 
  other 
  foreign 
  

   bodies 
  out 
  of 
  his 
  abdomen. 
  The 
  objects 
  removed 
  were 
  immediately 
  

   burned. 
  The 
  curers 
  were 
  paid 
  with 
  food, 
  clothing, 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  

   ornaments, 
  and 
  similar 
  gifts 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  13, 
  ch. 
  35; 
  Poma, 
  

   1936, 
  pp. 
  279-80). 
  

  

  Trepanation 
  was 
  probably 
  still 
  being 
  practiced 
  in 
  the 
  neighbor- 
  

   hood 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  mentioned 
  

   in 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  chroniclers. 
  Two 
  series 
  of 
  datable 
  skulls 
  with 
  trepan- 
  

   ations 
  are 
  known 
  from 
  the 
  Cuzco 
  region: 
  one, 
  from 
  near 
  Calca, 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  by 
  S. 
  A. 
  Quevedo 
  (1942), 
  is 
  probably 
  of 
  Late 
  Inca 
  date; 
  the 
  

   other, 
  from 
  a 
  cemetery 
  at 
  Yucay, 
  is 
  probably 
  Early 
  Inca 
  (University 
  

   of 
  Cuzco 
  Expedition, 
  July-August 
  1943). 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  trepanned 
  

   skulls 
  in 
  the 
  University 
  Museum 
  at 
  Cuzco 
  are 
  probably 
  of 
  Inca 
  date 
  

   also. 
  The 
  collection 
  includes 
  two 
  skulls 
  with 
  trepanations 
  made 
  by 
  

   drilling 
  an 
  oval 
  row 
  of 
  slightly 
  overlapping 
  round 
  holes, 
  each 
  hole 
  

  

  