﻿316 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  the 
  way 
  did 
  not 
  recognize 
  Viracocha 
  because 
  he 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  only 
  

   an 
  old 
  man 
  with 
  a 
  staff. 
  At 
  Cacha, 
  in 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Canas 
  (now 
  

   San 
  Pedro 
  near 
  Sicuani), 
  the 
  people 
  came 
  out 
  to 
  stone 
  him 
  because 
  

   they 
  did 
  not 
  like 
  strangers. 
  Viracocha 
  called 
  down 
  a 
  fire 
  from 
  heaven 
  

   which 
  began 
  to 
  burn 
  the 
  rocks 
  on 
  the 
  hill 
  around 
  him 
  and 
  frightened 
  

   the 
  people, 
  who 
  begged 
  him 
  to 
  save 
  them. 
  He 
  took 
  pity 
  on 
  them, 
  

   and 
  put 
  the 
  fire 
  out 
  with 
  a 
  blow 
  of 
  his 
  staff. 
  The 
  burned 
  hill 
  remained 
  

   as 
  a 
  reminder 
  of 
  his 
  power 
  and 
  mercy, 
  and 
  the 
  Canas 
  built 
  a 
  shrine 
  in 
  

   his 
  honor. 
  (A 
  great 
  temple 
  was 
  afterward 
  built 
  there 
  by 
  the 
  Inca.) 
  

   Then 
  Viracocha 
  went 
  on 
  to 
  Urcos 
  near 
  Cuzco, 
  where 
  he 
  summoned 
  

   the 
  inhabitants 
  to 
  come 
  out 
  of 
  a 
  mountain. 
  They 
  honored 
  him 
  during 
  

   his 
  visit, 
  and 
  later 
  built 
  a 
  shrine 
  in 
  his 
  honor 
  on 
  the 
  mountain. 
  He 
  

   went 
  to 
  Cuzco, 
  and 
  continued 
  northward 
  to 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Manta 
  

   in 
  Ecuador. 
  Here 
  he 
  said 
  farewell 
  to 
  his 
  people, 
  and 
  set 
  out 
  across 
  

   the 
  Pacific 
  walking 
  on 
  the 
  water. 
  (Betanzos, 
  1880, 
  chs. 
  1-2; 
  Cieza, 
  

   1880, 
  bk. 
  2, 
  ch. 
  5; 
  Sarmiento, 
  1906, 
  chs. 
  6-7; 
  Molina 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  1913, 
  

   pp. 
  118-123; 
  Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  bk. 
  13, 
  ch. 
  2.) 
  

  

  Comments: 
  Besides 
  explaining 
  the 
  origins 
  of 
  the 
  heavenly 
  bodies, 
  

   animals, 
  and 
  men, 
  this 
  myth 
  accounts 
  for 
  the 
  Inca 
  shrines 
  of 
  Titicaca, 
  

   Cacha, 
  and 
  Urcos, 
  the 
  prehistoric 
  stone 
  sculpture 
  at 
  Tiahuanaco 
  and 
  

   Pucara, 
  and 
  the 
  origin 
  legends 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  tribes. 
  The 
  "burned 
  

   hill" 
  at 
  Cacha 
  is 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  cinders 
  and 
  lava 
  from 
  the 
  Volcano 
  of 
  Tinta. 
  

   (See 
  Gregory, 
  1916, 
  p. 
  100.) 
  The 
  shrine 
  there 
  is 
  illustrated 
  by 
  Squier 
  

   (1877, 
  pp. 
  405-412) 
  and 
  Means 
  (1931, 
  fig. 
  170). 
  Garcilaso's 
  account 
  

   of 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  doubtful 
  value 
  (1723, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  bk. 
  5, 
  ch. 
  22). 
  

  

  A 
  striking 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  story 
  is 
  its 
  comparatively 
  late 
  character. 
  

   It 
  deals 
  with 
  places 
  which 
  were 
  not 
  incorporated 
  into 
  the 
  Inca 
  Empire 
  

   until 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  Topa 
  Inca, 
  and 
  it 
  provides 
  an 
  explanation 
  for 
  the 
  

   diversity 
  of 
  local 
  origin 
  myths 
  which 
  the 
  Inca 
  were 
  more 
  likely 
  to 
  

   have 
  devised 
  after 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  their 
  Empire 
  than 
  before. 
  The 
  

   story 
  is 
  probably 
  based 
  on 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  older 
  local 
  legends 
  put 
  together 
  

   under 
  Inca 
  supervision 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  15th 
  century. 
  Mythology 
  

   is 
  only 
  static 
  when 
  people 
  no 
  longer 
  believe 
  in 
  it. 
  The 
  most 
  important 
  

   episodes 
  take 
  place 
  in 
  Ay 
  mar 
  a 
  territory 
  because, 
  lacking 
  a 
  general 
  

   creation 
  myth 
  of 
  their 
  own, 
  the 
  Inca 
  took 
  over 
  Aymara 
  elements 
  of 
  

   the 
  story 
  that 
  were 
  adapted 
  to 
  their 
  purpose 
  of 
  explaining 
  the 
  diver- 
  

   sity 
  in 
  Andean 
  origin 
  legends. 
  

  

  The 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  Inca. 
  — 
  About 
  18 
  miles 
  (30 
  km.) 
  southeast 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  

   in 
  the 
  modern 
  province 
  of 
  Paruro 
  is 
  a 
  place 
  (paqari-tampo, 
  "origin 
  

   tambo") 
  where 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  hill 
  (tampo-t'oqo, 
  "tambo 
  hole"), 
  in 
  which 
  

   are 
  three 
  small 
  caves. 
  (One 
  of 
  the 
  side 
  caves 
  was 
  called 
  maras 
  

   t'oqo, 
  the 
  other 
  sotiq-t'oqo, 
  and 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  qhapaq-t'oqo.) 
  

   From 
  the 
  side 
  caves 
  emerged 
  the 
  ancestors 
  of 
  several 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  

   ayllus, 
  and 
  the 
  founders 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  royal 
  family 
  came 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  

   middle 
  one. 
  There 
  were 
  four 
  brothers 
  (entitled 
  Ayar, 
  "wild 
  quinoa") 
  , 
  

   v 
  

  

  