﻿332 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  served 
  the 
  purposes 
  of 
  the 
  administrative 
  organization 
  of 
  the 
  colony. 
  

   (Acosta, 
  1940; 
  Anonymous, 
  1889; 
  Aponte, 
  1867;Betanzos, 
  1880; 
  Cobo, 
  

   1890-95; 
  Calancha, 
  1638: 
  Falc6n, 
  1867; 
  Garcilaso, 
  1722; 
  Herrera 
  y 
  

   Tordesillas, 
  1726-27; 
  Levillier, 
  1919 
  a, 
  1921-26; 
  Loaysa, 
  1889; 
  L6pez 
  

   de 
  Velasco, 
  1894; 
  Matienzo, 
  1910; 
  Monsalve, 
  1604; 
  Morales, 
  1871 
  

   Oviedo, 
  1851-55; 
  Peru, 
  1906; 
  Polo 
  de 
  Ondegardo, 
  1916 
  a, 
  1916 
  b 
  

   Poma, 
  1936; 
  Quiroga, 
  1922; 
  Eelaciones 
  geograficas 
  de 
  Indias, 
  1881-97 
  

   Sanchez, 
  1867; 
  Santillan, 
  1879; 
  Toledo, 
  1867, 
  1899; 
  Vazquez 
  de 
  Espi- 
  

   nosa, 
  1942; 
  Vega, 
  1896.) 
  Thereafter, 
  systematic 
  studies 
  of 
  Indian 
  life 
  

   and 
  history 
  are 
  widely 
  spaced 
  in 
  time. 
  To 
  be 
  noted 
  apart 
  is 
  the 
  class 
  of 
  

   documents 
  pertaining 
  to 
  the 
  extirpation 
  of 
  idolatry 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  

   the 
  17th 
  century. 
  (Arriaga, 
  1920; 
  Augustinians, 
  1865; 
  Garcia 
  y 
  Sanz, 
  

   1876; 
  Peria, 
  1698.) 
  These 
  bear 
  mainly 
  upon 
  the 
  religious 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  

   Quechua 
  and 
  contain 
  little 
  besides 
  accounts 
  of 
  ritual 
  behavior 
  and 
  per- 
  

   sonnel. 
  Valuable 
  as 
  they 
  are, 
  such 
  records 
  give 
  almost 
  no 
  information 
  

   concerning 
  community 
  life. 
  The 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  Colonial 
  era 
  is 
  

   almost 
  barren 
  of 
  writings 
  dedicated 
  to 
  the 
  Indians. 
  These 
  sections 
  of 
  

   our 
  account 
  have, 
  therefore, 
  been 
  written 
  entirely 
  from 
  administrative 
  

   documents, 
  and 
  occasional 
  travels, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  allusions 
  to 
  Indian 
  life 
  

   are 
  infrequent 
  and 
  casual. 
  (Angelis, 
  1836-37; 
  Anonymous, 
  1943; 
  

   Arriaga, 
  1900; 
  Borda, 
  1881; 
  Bueno, 
  1763-78; 
  Fisher, 
  1929; 
  Haenke, 
  

   1901; 
  Hoyo, 
  1917; 
  Juan 
  and 
  Ulloa, 
  1826; 
  Memorias, 
  1859; 
  Lorente, 
  

   1867-72; 
  Rio, 
  1812; 
  Varinas, 
  1873.) 
  The 
  19th 
  century 
  is 
  likewise 
  

   silent 
  about 
  the 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  population, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  

   of 
  government 
  papers 
  and 
  the 
  unsystematic 
  remarks 
  frequently 
  found 
  

   in 
  the 
  literature 
  of 
  travel 
  by 
  foreign 
  visitors 
  (Kaerger, 
  1901). 
  Finally, 
  

   it 
  is 
  only 
  lately 
  that 
  scientific 
  community 
  study 
  has 
  been 
  attempted 
  

   for 
  Peru 
  (Valdez, 
  1921; 
  Saenz, 
  1933). 
  

  

  HABITAT 
  

  

  The 
  term 
  Quechua 
  is 
  commonly 
  used 
  to 
  describe 
  the 
  modern 
  Indian 
  

   inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  Andean 
  area 
  who 
  speak 
  the 
  Quechua 
  language 
  in 
  

   any 
  of 
  its 
  numerous 
  dialects. 
  (Markham, 
  1871, 
  p. 
  300; 
  Garro, 
  1942, 
  

   pp. 
  442-50; 
  Howe 
  and 
  Escobar, 
  1943, 
  p. 
  21.) 
  The 
  great 
  difiiculty 
  

   with 
  this 
  usage 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  modern 
  geographic 
  distribution 
  

   of 
  the 
  Quechua 
  language 
  is 
  far 
  more 
  extensive 
  than 
  it 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  16th 
  

   century. 
  In 
  any 
  case, 
  the 
  early 
  colonists 
  of 
  the 
  16th 
  century 
  used 
  the 
  

   term 
  to 
  distinguish 
  the 
  speech 
  of 
  the 
  Colla 
  dwellers 
  of 
  the 
  altiplano 
  

   from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  dwellers 
  of 
  the 
  deep 
  Highland 
  basins 
  or 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  

   type 
  in 
  which 
  Cuzco 
  lies. 
  The 
  designation 
  for 
  these 
  deep 
  Highland 
  

   valleys 
  in 
  the 
  "lengua 
  general 
  del 
  Ynga" 
  was 
  "quechua." 
  

  

  The 
  precise 
  ecological 
  meaning 
  of 
  the 
  term 
  "quechua" 
  may 
  be 
  re- 
  

   covered 
  from 
  geographical 
  descriptions 
  written 
  about 
  1586 
  (Relaciones 
  

   geograficas 
  de 
  Indias, 
  1881-97, 
  2:24, 
  28, 
  31, 
  41, 
  201, 
  etc.). 
  The 
  

   Quechua 
  settlements 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  characteristically 
  maintained 
  a 
  

  

  