﻿336 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Cosme 
  Bueno, 
  the 
  plague 
  of 
  1720 
  reduced 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Indians 
  by 
  two- 
  

   thirds 
  (1763-78, 
  n.p.). 
  Although 
  such 
  losses 
  in 
  Mexico 
  during 
  the 
  

   16th 
  century 
  threatened 
  the 
  extermination 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  race, 
  no 
  

   events 
  of 
  this 
  class 
  are 
  known 
  for 
  the 
  early 
  Colonial 
  history 
  of 
  Peru. 
  

   (Kubler, 
  1942 
  a, 
  pp. 
  606-43; 
  Varinas, 
  1899, 
  pp. 
  208-16; 
  J. 
  T. 
  Polo, 
  

   1913.) 
  Hence, 
  the 
  great 
  decline 
  in 
  the 
  Indian 
  population 
  of 
  Perti 
  

   before 
  1720 
  must 
  be 
  assigned 
  to 
  other 
  sources 
  than 
  disease 
  alone. 
  

  

  

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  Figure 
  32. 
  — 
  Indian 
  population 
  decline 
  in 
  Colonial 
  Peru. 
  Census 
  for 
  the 
  Audien- 
  

   cias 
  of 
  Lima 
  and 
  Charcas, 
  between 
  1561 
  and 
  1781. 
  Figures 
  on 
  vertical 
  axis 
  

   represent 
  hundreds 
  of 
  thousands 
  of 
  Indian 
  tributaries. 
  

  

  Varinas, 
  for 
  instance, 
  attributes 
  loss 
  to 
  the 
  greed 
  of 
  those 
  respon- 
  

   sible 
  for 
  the 
  administration 
  of 
  justice 
  among 
  the 
  Indians 
  (Varinas, 
  

   1899, 
  p. 
  216), 
  after 
  noting 
  that 
  otherwise 
  such 
  losses 
  were 
  inexplicable 
  

   when 
  the 
  great 
  fertility 
  of 
  the 
  Indians, 
  the 
  long 
  absence 
  of 
  wars, 
  and 
  

   the 
  superior 
  moral 
  climate 
  of 
  Christianity 
  were 
  taken 
  into 
  account. 
  

   As 
  a 
  very 
  general 
  explanation, 
  this 
  may 
  be 
  allowed 
  to 
  stand. 
  (See 
  

   also 
  Romero, 
  1923 
  d). 
  Certainly 
  no 
  other 
  historical 
  factor 
  may 
  be 
  

   invoked 
  which 
  will 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  startling 
  rate 
  of 
  decay. 
  The 
  Civil 
  

   Wars 
  and 
  the 
  schismatic 
  state 
  of 
  Indian 
  society 
  in 
  the 
  16th 
  century, 
  

   the 
  inhuman 
  service 
  of 
  the 
  mines 
  in 
  the 
  17th 
  century, 
  and 
  the 
  oper- 
  

   ations 
  of 
  debt 
  servitude 
  in 
  the 
  18th 
  century 
  were 
  all 
  causes 
  of 
  a 
  state 
  

   of 
  Indian 
  disaffection 
  which 
  culminated 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  rebellions 
  of 
  the 
  

   Late 
  Colonial 
  Period. 
  But 
  the 
  charge 
  of 
  corrupt 
  administration 
  

  

  