﻿Vol.2] 
  COLONIAL 
  QUECHUA 
  — 
  KUBLER 
  337 
  

  

  voiced 
  by 
  Varinas 
  tells 
  nothing 
  of 
  the 
  efforts 
  at 
  reform, 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  ways 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  population 
  declined. 
  

  

  A 
  remarkable 
  deceleration 
  occurred 
  in 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  decline 
  between 
  

   the 
  years 
  1572 
  and 
  1591. 
  Both 
  before 
  and 
  after 
  this 
  period 
  the 
  rate 
  

   of 
  loss 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  far 
  more 
  rapid. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  unreasonable 
  to 
  

   associate 
  this 
  change 
  of 
  rate 
  with 
  the 
  administrative 
  reforms 
  of 
  the 
  

   viceregal 
  government 
  of 
  Francisco 
  de 
  Toledo. 
  The 
  systematic 
  re- 
  

   ducciones, 
  the 
  urban 
  concentrations 
  and 
  regroupings, 
  the 
  administra- 
  

   tive 
  reorganization 
  of 
  the 
  yanaconate, 
  and 
  the 
  many 
  other 
  measures 
  

   enforced 
  by 
  Toledo 
  are 
  surely 
  reflected 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  of 
  our 
  curve. 
  

   In 
  other 
  words, 
  the 
  achievement 
  of 
  the 
  Toledan 
  government 
  may 
  be 
  

   interpreted 
  as 
  the 
  regrouping 
  of 
  the 
  Indians. 
  The 
  process 
  of 
  dis- 
  

   persal 
  to 
  inaccessible 
  areas 
  was 
  not 
  only 
  halted, 
  but 
  reversed. 
  That 
  

   Toledo's 
  measures, 
  however, 
  were 
  merely 
  remedial 
  and 
  palliative 
  is 
  

   demonstrated 
  by 
  the 
  rapid 
  acceleration 
  in 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  loss 
  before 
  1628. 
  

  

  Precisely 
  how 
  may 
  this 
  rate 
  of 
  loss 
  be 
  described? 
  In 
  less 
  than 
  two 
  

   centuries 
  the 
  Indian 
  population 
  was 
  more 
  than 
  halved. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  de- 
  

   cline 
  with 
  which 
  a 
  greatly 
  accelerated 
  death 
  rate 
  apparently 
  has 
  little 
  

   to 
  do, 
  as 
  we 
  have 
  inferred 
  from 
  the 
  relative 
  absence 
  of 
  epidemics. 
  

   Rather 
  does 
  it 
  seem 
  necessary 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  great 
  losses 
  by 
  move- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  populations 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  Viceroyalty. 
  In 
  effect, 
  such 
  a 
  

   hypothesis 
  is 
  supported 
  by 
  a 
  comparison 
  between 
  the 
  regional 
  figures 
  

   compiled 
  in 
  1628 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  1754 
  (table 
  2). 
  Of 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  73 
  prov- 
  

   inces, 
  62 
  are 
  listed 
  with 
  figures 
  in 
  both 
  counts 
  (table 
  2) 
  . 
  Of 
  these 
  62 
  

   provinces 
  in 
  turn, 
  all 
  but 
  11 
  show 
  loss 
  between 
  1628 
  and 
  1754. 
  These 
  

   11 
  provinces, 
  however, 
  gained 
  by 
  1754. 
  Three 
  of 
  them, 
  the 
  Cercado 
  

   Province 
  of 
  Lima, 
  and 
  Cuzco 
  and 
  Cajamarca 
  Provinces, 
  were 
  urban 
  

   areas. 
  The 
  remaining 
  eight, 
  with 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Piura, 
  

   where 
  Coastal 
  agriculture 
  was 
  practiced, 
  are 
  all 
  situated 
  along 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  Andean 
  frontier, 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  ranges 
  of 
  the 
  Montana 
  zone. 
  

   Paucartambo 
  Province 
  was 
  a 
  coca-growing 
  district 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  

   Montana; 
  Carabaya 
  Province 
  was 
  noted 
  for 
  its 
  resources 
  in 
  placer 
  

   gold, 
  and 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  designated 
  as 
  a 
  Montana 
  province; 
  in 
  Porco 
  

   Province 
  important 
  silver 
  mines 
  were 
  situated; 
  Tomina 
  had 
  the 
  

   Montana 
  at 
  its 
  eastern 
  border 
  and 
  was 
  a 
  great 
  agricultural 
  province 
  

   growing 
  the 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  laboring 
  populations 
  of 
  the 
  mines; 
  Cocha- 
  

   bamba 
  had 
  the 
  same 
  character, 
  as 
  a 
  food-growing 
  area 
  for 
  the 
  service 
  

   of 
  the 
  mining 
  industry; 
  the 
  high 
  plateaus 
  and 
  quechuas 
  of 
  Sicasica 
  

   Province 
  also 
  provided 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  miners; 
  and 
  Larecajes 
  Province 
  

   edged 
  well 
  down 
  into 
  the 
  Montana. 
  

  

  The 
  suggestion 
  lies 
  very 
  close 
  that 
  these 
  increases 
  at 
  the 
  south- 
  

   eastern 
  frontiers 
  of 
  the 
  Audiencia 
  are 
  merely 
  the 
  official 
  reflections, 
  

   within 
  administrative 
  boundaries, 
  of 
  a 
  far 
  more 
  extensive 
  process 
  of 
  

   population 
  displacement. 
  Reports 
  are 
  frequently 
  encountered, 
  in 
  

   connection 
  with 
  draft 
  labor 
  (mita) 
  at 
  the 
  mines, 
  which 
  tell 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  