﻿340 
  

  

  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

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  1731 
  

  

  

  

  

  Figure 
  33. 
  — 
  Post-Conquest 
  Indian 
  population 
  curve 
  for 
  Peru. 
  Dotted 
  portions 
  

   of 
  curve 
  prior 
  to 
  1561 
  are 
  based 
  respectively 
  on 
  a 
  postulated 
  post-Conquest 
  

   decline 
  that 
  reduced 
  the 
  native 
  number 
  by 
  a 
  half, 
  a 
  third, 
  and 
  a 
  fourth. 
  Figures 
  

   on 
  vertical 
  axis 
  represent 
  millions 
  of 
  Indians 
  of 
  all 
  ages 
  and 
  both 
  sexes 
  in 
  the 
  

   Audiencias 
  of 
  Lima 
  and 
  Charcas. 
  

  

  PERIODS 
  OF 
  ACCULTURATION 
  

  

  The 
  turning 
  points 
  at 
  which 
  one 
  whole 
  constellation 
  appears 
  to 
  yield 
  

   its 
  dominance 
  to 
  the 
  succeeding 
  constellation 
  have 
  been 
  situated, 
  for 
  

   the 
  present 
  purposes, 
  around 
  1572, 
  1650, 
  1750, 
  1821, 
  and 
  1882. 
  The 
  

   year 
  1572 
  merely 
  marks 
  the 
  time 
  after 
  which 
  the 
  formal 
  codification 
  

   of 
  Colonial 
  policy 
  took 
  effect 
  in 
  Peru, 
  displacing 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  the 
  

   Civil 
  Wars 
  and 
  tentative 
  colonization. 
  The 
  year 
  1650 
  was 
  chosen 
  

   because 
  within 
  the 
  decade 
  which 
  it 
  bisects 
  may 
  be 
  situated 
  the 
  crit- 
  

   ical 
  moments 
  when 
  Christianity 
  displaced 
  Quechua 
  religion. 
  A 
  

   century 
  later 
  Indian 
  restlessness 
  was 
  gathering 
  momentum; 
  the 
  mid- 
  

   18 
  th 
  century 
  marks 
  a 
  critical 
  moment 
  in 
  the 
  spread 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  Indian 
  

   rebellions, 
  which 
  were 
  an 
  indigenous 
  byplay 
  and 
  prologue 
  to 
  the 
  Creole 
  

   Wars 
  of 
  Independence. 
  The 
  years 
  1821 
  and 
  1882, 
  finally, 
  were 
  

   formal 
  turning 
  points 
  in 
  Republican 
  history, 
  marking 
  respectively 
  

   the 
  achievement 
  of 
  Independence 
  and 
  the 
  conclusion 
  of 
  ^the 
  War 
  of 
  

   the 
  Pacific. 
  

  

  