﻿Vol.2] 
  COLONIAL 
  QUECHUA 
  — 
  KUBLER 
  347 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  thought 
  that 
  urbanization 
  and 
  corregimiento 
  

   completely 
  arrested 
  the 
  epidemic 
  of 
  vagrancy 
  that 
  had 
  overtaken 
  the 
  

   Indian 
  populations. 
  The 
  mita 
  was 
  onerous. 
  The 
  drafted 
  Indians 
  

   often 
  found 
  it 
  convenient 
  to 
  migrate 
  eastward 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  areas 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  draft 
  was 
  effective. 
  And 
  the 
  Indians 
  in 
  the 
  communities, 
  

   faced 
  with 
  growing 
  food 
  for 
  a 
  large 
  absent 
  population 
  and 
  with 
  rais- 
  

   ing 
  tribute 
  for 
  the 
  mita 
  workers, 
  yielded 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  temptation. 
  

  

  Corregimiento 
  had 
  the 
  further 
  consequence 
  that 
  Indian 
  self-govern- 
  

   ment 
  was 
  even 
  further 
  invaded 
  by 
  European 
  office 
  holders 
  than 
  un- 
  

   der 
  encomienda. 
  Whereas 
  the 
  Quechua 
  had 
  been 
  able 
  during 
  the 
  

   Conquest 
  Period 
  to 
  retain 
  many 
  aspects 
  of 
  the 
  social 
  and 
  political 
  

   organization 
  of 
  the 
  community, 
  these 
  capacities 
  were 
  taken 
  over 
  and 
  

   displaced 
  in 
  the 
  Early 
  Colonial 
  Period 
  by 
  Crown 
  officials. 
  The 
  cor- 
  

   regidor 
  soon 
  appeared 
  as 
  a 
  tyrant 
  exploiting 
  the 
  Indians 
  even 
  more 
  

   systematically 
  than 
  the 
  encomenderos 
  had 
  done 
  (Poma, 
  1936, 
  passim). 
  

  

  To 
  these 
  powerful 
  economic 
  and 
  political 
  pressures, 
  the 
  colonists 
  

   of 
  the 
  Early 
  Colonial 
  Period 
  superimposed 
  the 
  great 
  campaign 
  against 
  

   idolatry, 
  which 
  occupies 
  the 
  full 
  span 
  of 
  this 
  epoch. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  

   curates 
  working 
  among 
  Indian 
  populations 
  was 
  greatly 
  increased. 
  

   Their 
  object 
  was 
  to 
  destroy 
  Quechua 
  religion 
  by 
  isolating 
  its 
  practi- 
  

   tioners 
  and 
  by 
  annihilating 
  its 
  cult 
  objects. 
  Systematic 
  indoctrina- 
  

   tion 
  accompanied 
  the 
  campaign. 
  Its 
  destructive 
  measures 
  probably 
  

   impeded 
  the 
  stabilization 
  of 
  Indian 
  populations 
  in 
  permanent 
  settle- 
  

   ment, 
  and 
  contributed 
  along 
  with 
  the 
  mita 
  to 
  general 
  vagrancy. 
  On 
  

   the 
  whole, 
  the 
  religious 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  Quechua 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  

   unprecedented 
  conflict 
  and 
  disturbance, 
  matching 
  the 
  disorder 
  intro- 
  

   duced 
  into 
  their 
  economic 
  and 
  social 
  lives. 
  The 
  full 
  work 
  of 
  coloni- 
  

   zation 
  was 
  in 
  progress; 
  the 
  period 
  has 
  close 
  analogies 
  with 
  the 
  initial 
  

   epoch 
  of 
  colonization 
  in 
  Mexico 
  before 
  1572. 
  

  

  MATURE 
  COLONIAL 
  QUECHUA 
  (CA. 
  1650-CA. 
  1750) 
  

  

  By 
  1650 
  the 
  scene 
  was 
  set 
  in 
  Peru 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  period 
  of 
  relative 
  stabi- 
  

   lity, 
  when 
  the 
  fine 
  adjustments 
  could 
  be 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  Colonial 
  mecha- 
  

   nism. 
  All 
  its 
  essential 
  components 
  were 
  in 
  existence. 
  The 
  Peruvian 
  

   enterprise 
  was 
  profit-bearing 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  mines. 
  Some 
  stability 
  

   in 
  their 
  exploitation 
  was 
  assured 
  by 
  the 
  consolidation 
  of 
  Quechua 
  com- 
  

   munity 
  life 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  regulation 
  of 
  draft 
  labor. 
  The 
  insertion 
  of 
  

   civil 
  and 
  religious 
  officers 
  at 
  all 
  points 
  of 
  substantial 
  Indian 
  settlement 
  

   had 
  been 
  accomplished. 
  From 
  the 
  Indians' 
  point 
  of 
  view, 
  however, 
  

   many 
  great 
  changes 
  remained 
  to 
  be 
  effected. 
  Within 
  each 
  community 
  

   the 
  necessity 
  of 
  meeting 
  the 
  combined 
  loads 
  of 
  mita, 
  tribute, 
  curates' 
  

   salaries, 
  tithes, 
  and 
  subsistence 
  needs 
  required 
  local 
  solutions 
  that 
  

   reached 
  deep 
  into 
  individual 
  lives. 
  The 
  spread 
  of 
  European 
  fauna 
  

   and 
  flora 
  obligated 
  the 
  Quechua 
  either 
  to 
  alter 
  or 
  to 
  defend 
  the 
  in- 
  

  

  