﻿348 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  herited 
  cultural 
  pattern 
  based 
  upon 
  purely 
  Indian 
  agriculture. 
  Gov- 
  

   ernment 
  by 
  Europeans 
  now 
  penetrated 
  every 
  community, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Indian 
  hierarchy 
  of 
  prestige 
  needed 
  to 
  be 
  rebuilt 
  in 
  terms 
  other 
  than 
  

   those 
  of 
  political 
  or 
  economic 
  capacities. 
  As 
  these 
  adaptations 
  were 
  

   achieved, 
  so 
  did 
  Quechua 
  life 
  approach 
  the 
  patterns 
  of 
  activity 
  obser- 
  

   able 
  today. 
  

  

  To 
  meet 
  all 
  their 
  added 
  obligations, 
  many 
  communities 
  initiated 
  

   the 
  practice 
  of 
  local 
  crafts 
  and 
  industries. 
  Such 
  activities 
  naturally 
  

   increased 
  Indian 
  production. 
  The 
  device 
  of 
  the 
  reparto 
  de 
  efectos 
  

   was 
  accordingly 
  instituted 
  by 
  the 
  corregidores 
  to 
  absorb 
  the 
  Indians' 
  

   purchasing 
  power. 
  In 
  the 
  hands 
  of 
  unscrupulous 
  or 
  indifferent 
  men, 
  

   the 
  reparto 
  rapidly 
  became 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  debt-servitude. 
  The 
  modest 
  

   Indian 
  appetite 
  for 
  European 
  luxury 
  goods 
  worked 
  to 
  his 
  disadvantage. 
  

   As 
  his 
  earning 
  capacity 
  increased, 
  so 
  was 
  his 
  consumption 
  artificially 
  

   augmented, 
  and 
  the 
  improvement 
  of 
  his 
  economic 
  condition 
  was 
  

   illusory, 
  for 
  he 
  was 
  offered 
  few 
  choices 
  of 
  goods 
  at 
  arbitrary 
  prices. 
  

   It 
  is 
  very 
  likely, 
  however, 
  that 
  during 
  this 
  mature 
  epoch 
  of 
  the 
  Colo- 
  

   nial 
  economy, 
  Indian 
  material 
  culture 
  absorbed 
  more 
  European 
  man- 
  

   ufactures 
  than 
  at 
  any 
  other 
  time 
  in 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  colony. 
  

  

  Another 
  consequence 
  of 
  the 
  simple 
  industrial 
  activity 
  of 
  the 
  commu- 
  

   nities 
  was 
  their 
  increasing 
  participation 
  in 
  mercantile 
  life. 
  The 
  trans- 
  

   port 
  and 
  marketing 
  of 
  their 
  manufactures 
  became 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  

   prominent. 
  Well-traveled 
  trade 
  routes 
  and 
  famous 
  market 
  places 
  

   grew 
  up 
  ; 
  the 
  Indian 
  participated 
  expertly 
  in 
  the 
  operations 
  of 
  a 
  rudi- 
  

   mentary 
  money 
  economy 
  (Saenz, 
  1933, 
  pp. 
  153-54), 
  and 
  thereby 
  assimi- 
  

   lated 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  his 
  exploiters. 
  And 
  yet, 
  given 
  the 
  present-day 
  

   character 
  of 
  Quechua 
  life, 
  one 
  may 
  suspect 
  that 
  these 
  appearances 
  of 
  

   of 
  an 
  approximation 
  to 
  European 
  culture 
  were 
  without 
  deep 
  or 
  last- 
  

   ing 
  effects 
  in 
  the 
  community 
  pattern. 
  As 
  in 
  the 
  Conquest 
  Period, 
  

   two 
  social 
  personalities 
  were 
  involved 
  without 
  deep 
  interpenetration: 
  

   one 
  tenaciously 
  retentive 
  of 
  a 
  basic 
  Andean 
  subsistence 
  economy, 
  

   and 
  the 
  other 
  oriented 
  toward 
  European 
  activities. 
  

  

  The 
  effects 
  of 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  European 
  flora 
  and 
  fauna 
  may 
  

   best 
  be 
  grasped 
  in 
  the 
  extreme 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  fugitive 
  Quechua 
  who 
  settled 
  

   in 
  the 
  eastern 
  yungas 
  to 
  escape 
  the 
  Colonial 
  system 
  in 
  general 
  and 
  the 
  

   mita 
  in 
  particular. 
  Their 
  life 
  in 
  such 
  low 
  altitudes 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  

   been 
  secured 
  without 
  the 
  knowledge 
  of 
  European 
  livestock 
  and 
  cere- 
  

   als, 
  for 
  these 
  regions 
  had 
  always 
  been 
  inhospitable 
  to 
  llama-raising 
  

   and 
  the 
  agriculture 
  of 
  the 
  temperate 
  Highlands. 
  The 
  migration, 
  

   however, 
  invalidated 
  the 
  typical 
  Quechua 
  subsistence 
  economy 
  and 
  

   compromised 
  the 
  familiar 
  patterns 
  of 
  Highland 
  community 
  life. 
  

   These 
  very 
  valleys 
  attracted 
  White 
  and 
  White-associated 
  settlers 
  in 
  

   large 
  numbers, 
  by 
  whom 
  the 
  Quechua 
  were 
  driven 
  away 
  and 
  super- 
  

   seded 
  (McBride, 
  1921, 
  p. 
  12). 
  Hence 
  the 
  situations 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   Quechua 
  could 
  attempt 
  the 
  complete 
  assimilation 
  of 
  the 
  new 
  flora 
  

  

  