﻿Vol.2] 
  COLONIAL 
  QUECHUA 
  — 
  KUBLER 
  359 
  

  

  of 
  course, 
  were 
  the 
  earliest 
  European 
  food 
  animals 
  to 
  be 
  introduced, 
  

   because 
  of 
  the 
  conquistadors' 
  habit 
  of 
  sustaining 
  themselves 
  with 
  

   droves 
  taken 
  along 
  for 
  the 
  purpose. 
  In 
  1650, 
  Jauja 
  and 
  Cuzco 
  were 
  

   the 
  centers 
  where 
  the 
  best 
  animals 
  were 
  raised. 
  In 
  the 
  Highland, 
  lard 
  

   was 
  valued 
  not 
  only 
  as 
  a 
  food 
  but 
  also 
  for 
  the 
  cure 
  of 
  a 
  llama 
  mange 
  

   (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  2:365). 
  An 
  index 
  to 
  the 
  relative 
  populations 
  of 
  

   cattle 
  and 
  pigs 
  may 
  be 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  soap, 
  in 
  Perti, 
  was 
  

   manufactured 
  from 
  tallow 
  rather 
  than 
  from 
  lard 
  (as 
  in 
  New 
  Spain), 
  

   suggesting 
  how 
  much 
  more 
  numerous 
  cattle 
  were 
  than 
  pigs. 
  Cobo 
  

   does 
  not 
  give 
  the 
  impression, 
  however, 
  that 
  sheep 
  were 
  especially 
  

   numerous 
  in 
  his 
  day. 
  They 
  flourished 
  better 
  in 
  the 
  Collao 
  than 
  in 
  

   tierras 
  yungas. 
  Their 
  introduction 
  powerfully 
  enriched 
  Indian 
  tex- 
  

   tile 
  and 
  felt 
  industries 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  2:366). 
  Goats 
  likewise 
  flour- 
  

   ished 
  best 
  in 
  the 
  Highland, 
  and 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  Coastal 
  plains, 
  wherever 
  the 
  

   diet 
  of 
  native 
  grasses 
  and 
  bushes 
  was 
  suitable, 
  but 
  not 
  in 
  the 
  moist, 
  

   warm 
  tierras 
  yungas. 
  Associated 
  industries 
  were 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  

   salted 
  meat, 
  pot 
  cheese?, 
  hard 
  cheeses, 
  fats, 
  and 
  butters, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   hides 
  and 
  wool 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  2:366-67). 
  

  

  Finally, 
  Cobo, 
  who 
  alone 
  in 
  the 
  Colonial 
  era 
  speaks 
  with 
  authority 
  

   upon 
  these 
  matters, 
  enumerates 
  species 
  introduced 
  from 
  Africa 
  or 
  

   Asia, 
  and 
  some 
  adopted 
  by 
  the 
  Indians 
  for 
  purposes 
  other 
  than 
  food 
  

   or 
  draft. 
  Camels, 
  which 
  were 
  introduced 
  from 
  Africa 
  in 
  the 
  mid- 
  16th 
  

   century, 
  flourished 
  at 
  first 
  on 
  the 
  Coastal 
  plains 
  but 
  could 
  not 
  com- 
  

   pete 
  with 
  mules 
  and 
  horses, 
  and 
  so 
  became 
  extinct 
  around 
  1615. 
  

   (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  2:442, 
  Montesinos, 
  1906; 
  Acosta, 
  1940, 
  p. 
  318.) 
  

   Chinese 
  dogs 
  and 
  the 
  sway-bellied 
  Asiatic 
  pig, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  guinea 
  hens, 
  

   were 
  introduced 
  without 
  great 
  success 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  2:443). 
  

   European 
  house 
  cats 
  multiplied 
  extremely 
  and 
  were 
  prized 
  by 
  Indians, 
  

   who 
  maintained 
  them 
  to 
  keep 
  down 
  rodents 
  (Cobo, 
  1890-95, 
  2:374). 
  

  

  It 
  remains 
  extremely 
  difficult 
  at 
  this 
  distance 
  from 
  Colonial 
  life 
  to 
  

   tell 
  with 
  accuracy 
  which 
  species 
  found 
  full 
  acceptance 
  by 
  the 
  Quechua 
  

   and 
  which 
  remained 
  at 
  the 
  commercial 
  periphery 
  of 
  their 
  activities. 
  

   The 
  situation 
  surely 
  varied 
  greatly 
  from 
  province 
  to 
  province, 
  and, 
  in 
  

   any 
  case, 
  the 
  commercial 
  or 
  tribute-raising 
  activities 
  of 
  the 
  Quechua 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  rationally 
  declared 
  as 
  non-Quechua. 
  Precisely 
  these 
  activi- 
  

   ties 
  often 
  formed 
  an 
  integral 
  part 
  of 
  Colonial 
  Indian 
  life. 
  

  

  URBANISM 
  

  

  New 
  towns. 
  — 
  Quechua 
  town 
  life 
  was 
  deeply 
  affected 
  by 
  the 
  program 
  

   of 
  reurbanization 
  known 
  as 
  reduction, 
  signifying 
  the 
  concentration 
  

   of 
  scattered 
  groups 
  of 
  farmers 
  and 
  shepherds 
  into 
  a 
  limited 
  number 
  

   of 
  new, 
  stable, 
  and 
  relatively 
  large 
  urban 
  environments. 
  It 
  was 
  

   achieved 
  at 
  state 
  expense, 
  by 
  properly 
  designated 
  officials 
  under 
  

   strict 
  supervision. 
  

  

  