﻿Vol.2] 
  COLONIAL 
  QUECHUA 
  — 
  KUBLER 
  361 
  

  

  good 
  church. 
  Furthermore, 
  the 
  building 
  crafts 
  learned 
  in 
  the 
  process 
  

   of 
  erecting 
  a 
  church 
  redounded 
  to 
  the 
  benefit 
  of 
  local 
  construction 
  

   activities. 
  The 
  firm 
  foundations, 
  solid 
  walls, 
  and 
  substantial 
  roofs 
  

   or 
  vaults 
  of 
  the 
  church 
  were 
  the 
  training 
  ground 
  for 
  many 
  new 
  crafts- 
  

   men 
  in 
  the 
  community, 
  who 
  might 
  thereafter 
  employ 
  their 
  skills 
  in 
  

   house 
  building 
  or 
  in 
  paid 
  employment 
  among 
  neighboring 
  towns. 
  

  

  Occasionally, 
  however, 
  a 
  small 
  community 
  without 
  particular 
  need 
  

   for 
  a 
  sumptuous 
  religious 
  establishment, 
  achieved 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  

   an 
  elaborate 
  temple 
  and 
  dependencies. 
  Such 
  was 
  the 
  case 
  at 
  Copa- 
  

   cabana, 
  where 
  an 
  important 
  pilgrimage 
  site 
  developed 
  during 
  the 
  

   Colonial 
  era. 
  At 
  Copacabana, 
  an 
  image 
  of 
  the 
  Virgin 
  manufactured 
  

   by 
  an 
  Indian 
  came 
  to 
  acquire 
  the 
  reputation 
  of 
  working 
  miracles. 
  The 
  

   site 
  itself 
  already 
  had 
  possessed 
  some 
  importance 
  before 
  the 
  Conquest 
  

   as 
  a 
  religious 
  center, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Colonial 
  era 
  its 
  character 
  as 
  a 
  holy 
  

   place 
  was 
  soon 
  established. 
  Large 
  processions 
  of 
  pilgrims 
  came 
  annu- 
  

   ally 
  to 
  attend 
  its 
  festivals, 
  bringing 
  to 
  the 
  site 
  the 
  wealth 
  with 
  which 
  to 
  

   enlarge 
  the 
  sanctuary 
  (Vazquez 
  de 
  Espinosa, 
  1942, 
  pp. 
  611-12). 
  

   Such 
  was 
  also 
  the 
  case 
  at 
  Pacasmayo, 
  where 
  the 
  shrine 
  of 
  the 
  Guada- 
  

   lupe 
  Virgin 
  attracted 
  many 
  thousands 
  of 
  Indian 
  pilgrims 
  for 
  the 
  festi- 
  

   vals 
  held 
  each 
  year 
  on 
  December 
  8. 
  Dr. 
  Cosme 
  Bueno 
  noted, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  in 
  the 
  third 
  quarter 
  of 
  the 
  18th 
  century, 
  that 
  the 
  Pacasmayo 
  

   cult 
  had 
  fallen 
  off 
  greatly, 
  suggesting 
  that 
  the 
  epoch 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  

   Indian 
  pilgrimages 
  had 
  passed 
  its 
  peak. 
  Other 
  important 
  pilgrimage 
  

   sites 
  of 
  the 
  Colonial 
  epoch 
  were 
  located 
  at 
  Chaypi 
  in 
  Parinacochas, 
  

   where 
  a 
  statue 
  of 
  Our 
  Lady 
  of 
  the 
  Rosary 
  was 
  venerated 
  by 
  many 
  

   provinces. 
  In 
  the 
  same 
  province, 
  at 
  Chumbi, 
  was 
  situated 
  a 
  sup- 
  

   posedly 
  miracle-working 
  painting 
  of 
  Our 
  Lady 
  of 
  the 
  Assumption. 
  

   In 
  Vilcashuaman, 
  at 
  Huambalpa, 
  a 
  statue 
  of 
  the 
  Virgin 
  also 
  attracted 
  

   pilgrims; 
  similar 
  images 
  were 
  located 
  at 
  Cocharcas, 
  near 
  Chincheros 
  

   in 
  Andahuailas, 
  and 
  at 
  Sabaya 
  in 
  Carangas 
  Province. 
  The 
  mirac- 
  

   ulous 
  cross 
  of 
  Carabuco 
  in 
  Omasuyos 
  Province 
  retains 
  its 
  popular 
  

   attraction 
  even 
  today. 
  

  

  DRESS 
  

  

  The 
  Indian 
  costumes 
  portrayed 
  by 
  Guaman 
  Poma 
  before 
  1613 
  

   (Poma, 
  1936) 
  suggest 
  that 
  Hispanicization 
  of 
  dress 
  corresponded 
  

   closely 
  to 
  rank. 
  Among 
  men, 
  the 
  great 
  Indian 
  nobles 
  wore 
  full 
  Euro- 
  

   pean 
  costume 
  (fig. 
  36, 
  a) 
  consisting 
  of 
  brimmed 
  felt 
  hat, 
  the 
  cloak 
  

   with 
  stiff 
  standing 
  collar, 
  the 
  slashed 
  doublet, 
  full-bottomed 
  knee 
  

   breeches, 
  garters, 
  stockings, 
  and 
  shoes 
  (Poma, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  741). 
  

   Guaman 
  Poma 
  portrays 
  himself 
  in 
  this 
  fashion 
  (ibid, 
  p. 
  366). 
  An 
  

   alcalde 
  mayor, 
  however, 
  wears 
  the 
  Indian 
  tunic 
  (ibid, 
  p. 
  792), 
  and 
  

   lesser 
  Indians 
  wear 
  the 
  cloak 
  without 
  standing 
  collar, 
  as 
  with 
  an 
  In- 
  

   dian 
  mining 
  captain 
  (ibid, 
  p. 
  531). 
  In 
  another 
  plate, 
  three 
  Church 
  

   officials 
  are 
  shown: 
  the 
  sacristan 
  is 
  in 
  full 
  Spanish 
  costume; 
  the 
  

  

  