﻿Vol.2] 
  COLONIAL 
  QUECHUA 
  — 
  KUBLER 
  379 
  

  

  Indian 
  society. 
  From 
  an 
  intricately 
  organized 
  pyramid, 
  Quechua 
  

   society 
  was 
  crushed 
  into 
  a 
  formless 
  heap 
  of 
  roughly 
  equivalent 
  

   elements. 
  

  

  TRAVEL 
  

  

  Santillan 
  estimated 
  that 
  in 
  his 
  time, 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  release 
  from 
  the 
  

   Inca 
  interdict 
  upon 
  travel, 
  about 
  one-third 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  population 
  

   of 
  Peru 
  had 
  entered 
  vagrancy 
  (Santillan, 
  1879, 
  p. 
  83), 
  and 
  he 
  regarded 
  

   it 
  as 
  essential 
  that 
  the 
  Quechua 
  be 
  stabilized 
  by 
  the 
  government. 
  

   Other 
  commentators 
  confirm 
  this 
  general 
  impression. 
  The 
  amount 
  of 
  

   travel 
  in 
  16th-century 
  Perti 
  was 
  enormous. 
  The 
  roads 
  were 
  filled 
  

   with 
  Indians 
  bearing 
  tribute 
  in 
  kind 
  from 
  the 
  repartimiento, 
  where 
  

   it 
  was 
  grown 
  or 
  produced, 
  to 
  the 
  town 
  dwellings 
  of 
  their 
  masters, 
  

   often 
  over 
  vast 
  distances 
  requiring 
  several 
  months 
  to 
  come 
  and 
  go. 
  

   A 
  constant 
  flux 
  of 
  mitayos, 
  moving 
  in 
  large 
  companies 
  to 
  the 
  scene 
  

   of 
  draft 
  labor, 
  also 
  filled 
  the 
  roads 
  (Vega, 
  1896, 
  pp. 
  112-13). 
  

  

  Another 
  cause 
  for 
  immoderate 
  Indian 
  travel 
  was 
  unnecessary 
  lit- 
  

   igation. 
  The 
  Indians 
  were 
  constantly 
  wandering 
  back 
  and 
  forth 
  

   between 
  the 
  repartimiento 
  and 
  the 
  seat 
  of 
  their 
  Audiencia 
  to 
  secure 
  

   legal 
  papers, 
  usually 
  worthless, 
  for 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  heavily 
  charged 
  by 
  

   the 
  swarms 
  of 
  parasite 
  solicitors 
  and 
  scriveners 
  who 
  made 
  their 
  living 
  

   in 
  the 
  Spanish 
  cities 
  from 
  this 
  occupation. 
  Legal 
  paper 
  exercised 
  a 
  

   fascination 
  over 
  the 
  Indians; 
  it 
  was 
  regarded 
  as 
  a 
  talisman, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  

   possessor 
  it 
  made 
  little 
  difference 
  whether 
  the 
  paper 
  resolved 
  the 
  

   litigation 
  for 
  or 
  against 
  his 
  interests. 
  In 
  the 
  possession 
  of 
  paper, 
  he 
  

   was 
  certain 
  of 
  ultimate 
  redress 
  (Lorente, 
  1867-72, 
  1:19). 
  The 
  sub- 
  

   jects 
  of 
  litigation 
  usually 
  pertained 
  to 
  communal 
  lands, 
  and 
  rarely 
  if 
  

   ever 
  involved 
  suits 
  brought 
  by 
  one 
  individual 
  against 
  another. 
  The 
  

   suits 
  arose 
  over 
  the 
  expropriation 
  of 
  lands 
  previously 
  reserved 
  for 
  the 
  

   Sun 
  or 
  for 
  the 
  Inca 
  ruler 
  (Polo 
  de 
  Ondegardo, 
  1873, 
  p. 
  163; 
  Anon- 
  

   ymous, 
  1889, 
  p. 
  180). 
  

  

  In 
  general, 
  Indian 
  travel, 
  whether 
  compulsory 
  or 
  voluntary, 
  resulted 
  

   in 
  a 
  substantial 
  increase 
  in 
  the 
  labor 
  load 
  of 
  the 
  individual 
  Indian. 
  

   The 
  maintenance 
  of 
  roads 
  took 
  up 
  far 
  more 
  labor 
  than 
  in 
  antiq- 
  

   uity, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  need 
  for 
  new 
  highways, 
  and 
  the 
  destruction 
  

   of 
  all 
  roads 
  by 
  the 
  increased 
  flow 
  of 
  traffic. 
  The 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  

   iron-shod 
  horses 
  and 
  mule 
  trains 
  was 
  astronomical 
  in 
  comparison 
  to 
  

   that 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  footrunners 
  and 
  llama 
  herds 
  of 
  antiquity. 
  Not 
  

   only 
  were 
  draft 
  Indians 
  responsible 
  for 
  maintenance 
  and 
  repair, 
  but 
  

   they 
  were 
  called 
  upon 
  to 
  provision 
  the 
  resting 
  houses 
  (tambos) 
  and 
  

   to 
  provide 
  carriage 
  for 
  goods 
  in 
  transit 
  (Falcon, 
  1867, 
  p. 
  478). 
  

  

  WARFARE 
  

  

  The 
  warfare 
  of 
  the 
  Quechua 
  posterior 
  to 
  the 
  Conquest 
  was 
  the 
  war- 
  

   fare 
  of 
  rebellion 
  rather 
  than 
  the 
  warfare 
  of 
  a 
  sovereign 
  people. 
  Its 
  

  

  