﻿412 
  

  

  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  of 
  cultural 
  divisions 
  was 
  at 
  hand. 
  What 
  criteria 
  the 
  census 
  taker 
  

   selected 
  and 
  to 
  what 
  extent 
  they 
  influenced 
  his 
  judgments 
  cannot 
  

   be 
  guessed. 
  

  

  An 
  extensive 
  list 
  of 
  the 
  cultural 
  criteria 
  that 
  might 
  fit 
  the 
  needs 
  of 
  

   the 
  census 
  taker 
  in 
  the 
  field 
  would 
  include 
  language 
  spoken, 
  type 
  of 
  

   settlement, 
  utilization 
  of 
  land, 
  amount 
  of 
  land 
  owned, 
  clothing 
  worn, 
  

   nature 
  of 
  religious 
  worship, 
  etc. 
  Of 
  all 
  these, 
  language 
  is 
  certainly 
  

   the 
  least 
  complicated 
  to 
  deal 
  with 
  statistically 
  and 
  is 
  of 
  primary 
  

   importance. 
  The 
  1940 
  Census 
  offers 
  the 
  following 
  pertinent 
  data: 
  

  

  Table 
  1. 
  — 
  Language 
  groups 
  of 
  Peruvians 
  over 
  5 
  years 
  of 
  age 
  l 
  

  

  Language 
  

  

  Number 
  of 
  

   speakers 
  

  

  Percentage 
  

   of 
  speakers 
  

  

  Spanish 
  

  

  Quechua 
  

  

  Spanish 
  and 
  Quechua 
  

   Aymara 
  

  

  Spanish 
  and 
  Aymara. 
  

   Unclassified 
  - 
  

  

  Total 
  

  

  2,443,390 
  

  

  1, 
  625, 
  156 
  

  

  816,966 
  

  

  184, 
  743 
  

  

  47, 
  022 
  

  

  111, 
  075 
  

  

  46.7 
  

   31.0 
  

   15.8 
  

   3.5 
  

   0.9 
  

   2.1 
  

  

  5, 
  228, 
  352 
  

  

  100.0 
  

  

  i 
  Adapted 
  from 
  table, 
  facing 
  page 
  24, 
  of 
  Estado 
  de 
  la 
  Instruction 
  en 
  el 
  Peru 
  Segun 
  el 
  Censo 
  Nacional 
  de 
  

   1940 
  (Informe 
  Especial), 
  Lima, 
  1942. 
  

  

  Table 
  2. 
  — 
  Language 
  groups, 
  exclusive 
  of 
  Spanish, 
  among 
  Peruvians 
  over 
  5 
  years 
  of 
  

   age, 
  arranged 
  by 
  Departments 
  l 
  

  

  

  Indians 
  speaking— 
  

  

  

  Department 
  

  

  Quechua 
  

  

  Quechua 
  

  

  and 
  

   Spanish 
  

  

  Aymara 
  

  

  Total 
  

   population 
  

  

  Amazonas 
  

  

  1,715 
  

  

  194,888 
  

  

  186, 
  448 
  

  

  37,817 
  

  

  246, 
  947 
  

  

  3,368 
  

  

  9,970 
  

   105, 
  135 
  

   28, 
  819 
  

   38, 
  347 
  

   49, 
  942 
  

   21, 
  808 
  

  

  3,903 
  

   77, 
  378 
  

   40, 
  434 
  

   68, 
  125 
  

  

  14, 
  982 
  

   169, 
  921 
  

  

  3,493 
  

  

  6,856 
  

  

  81,814 
  

  

  34, 
  527 
  

  

  465 
  

  

  3,856 
  

  

  306 
  

  

  40, 
  736 
  

  

  15, 
  662 
  

   391 
  

  

  96 
  

  

  

  53, 
  982 
  

  

  

  

  354, 
  892 
  

  

  Apurimac 
  

  

  

  216. 
  243 
  

  

  Arequipa 
  ... 
  .- 
  

  

  817 
  

  

  225, 
  244 
  

  

  

  299, 
  769 
  

  

  Cajamarca 
  

  

  

  405, 
  975 
  

  

  Callao 
  

  

  

  72, 
  295 
  

  

  Cuzco 
  

  

  326, 
  238 
  

  

  160, 
  153 
  

  

  97, 
  557 
  

  

  2, 
  157 
  

  

  112, 
  397 
  

  

  534 
  

  

  4,562 
  

  

  17. 
  072 
  

  

  8,881 
  

  

  92 
  

  

  4,414 
  

  

  87 
  

  

  210, 
  236 
  

  

  9,580 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  61 
  

  

  411, 
  298 
  

  

  

  203, 
  128 
  

  

  

  

  193, 
  235 
  

  

  lea 
  

  

  

  118, 
  371 
  

  

  

  

  361, 
  878 
  

  

  

  

  319, 
  514 
  

  

  

  

  162, 
  967 
  

  

  Lima 
  

  

  

  721, 
  818 
  

  

  

  

  137, 
  932 
  

  

  Madre 
  de 
  Dios 
  

  

  

  4,098 
  

  

  

  2,651 
  

  

  29, 
  034 
  

  

  Piura 
  

  

  343, 
  357 
  

  

  Puno 
  

  

  176, 
  129 
  

  

  463, 
  080 
  

  

  

  77,197 
  

  

  Tacna 
  

  

  5,085 
  

  

  31, 
  684 
  

  

  

  21, 
  212 
  

  

  

  

  

  149 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  Total 
  -..- 
  

  

  1, 
  625, 
  156 
  

  

  816, 
  966 
  

  

  184, 
  743 
  

  

  5, 
  228, 
  532 
  

  

  

  

  > 
  Adapted 
  from 
  table 
  facing 
  page 
  24, 
  op. 
  cit. 
  

  

  Study 
  of 
  the 
  foregoing 
  tables 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  Quechua-spe&kmg 
  pop- 
  

   ulation, 
  including 
  bilingual 
  persons, 
  are 
  exactly 
  equal 
  in 
  number 
  to 
  

   the 
  Spanish-speaking 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  country. 
  Those 
  speaking 
  

  

  