﻿426 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Quechua, 
  furthermore, 
  receives 
  a 
  considerable 
  income 
  from 
  urban 
  

   meat 
  dealers. 
  The 
  Indian 
  himself 
  uses 
  little 
  of 
  his 
  herd 
  to 
  provide 
  

   food 
  for 
  himself, 
  in 
  most 
  parts 
  of 
  Perti, 
  the 
  normal 
  diet 
  being 
  exceed- 
  

   ingly 
  deficient 
  in 
  proteins. 
  A 
  third 
  value 
  which 
  the 
  Indian 
  obtains 
  

   from 
  his 
  domesticated 
  herds, 
  primarily 
  his 
  llamas, 
  is 
  their 
  use 
  as 
  

   beasts 
  of 
  burden. 
  The 
  llama 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  so 
  serviceable 
  a 
  beast 
  

   of 
  burden 
  as 
  the 
  burro, 
  but 
  for 
  light 
  loads 
  and 
  short 
  hauls 
  he 
  is 
  satis- 
  

   factory. 
  Cattle 
  are 
  kept 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  but 
  in 
  small 
  numbers. 
  The 
  

   manure 
  of 
  all 
  domesticated 
  animals 
  is 
  used 
  as 
  fertilizer 
  and 
  fuel. 
  

  

  The 
  type 
  of 
  stock 
  that 
  one 
  ordinarily 
  finds 
  in 
  Indian 
  herds 
  is 
  not 
  of 
  

   the 
  best. 
  The 
  sheep 
  are 
  small 
  and 
  scrawny, 
  and 
  the 
  wool 
  second 
  

   rate. 
  The 
  Indian 
  llamas 
  and 
  alpacas 
  are 
  not 
  comparable 
  to 
  the 
  well- 
  

   kept 
  hacienda 
  herds. 
  The 
  reasons 
  are 
  two: 
  lack 
  of 
  good 
  pasturage 
  

   and, 
  apart 
  from 
  some 
  minor 
  exceptions, 
  indiscriminate 
  breeding. 
  In 
  

   most 
  of 
  Perti 
  natural 
  pasturage 
  is 
  used. 
  A 
  little 
  barley 
  and 
  emer- 
  

   gency 
  fodder 
  may 
  be 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  herds 
  periodically, 
  but 
  special 
  culti- 
  

   vation 
  of 
  grains 
  for 
  fodder 
  is 
  seldom 
  practiced. 
  

  

  In 
  many 
  communities, 
  communal 
  pasturage 
  is 
  still 
  obtainable, 
  

   although 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  Kauri. 
  Pasturage 
  is 
  obtained 
  from 
  

   fields 
  lying 
  fallow, 
  and 
  the 
  herds 
  are 
  kept 
  within 
  the 
  plots 
  belonging 
  to 
  

   the 
  owners 
  of 
  the 
  herds. 
  Usually, 
  herd 
  owners 
  will 
  rent 
  the 
  plots 
  of 
  

   others 
  who 
  own 
  no 
  herds 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  bags 
  of 
  manure. 
  A 
  wealthy 
  herder 
  

   must 
  ultimately 
  seek 
  pasturage 
  in 
  the 
  haciendas. 
  In 
  Kauri, 
  for 
  ex- 
  

   ample, 
  all 
  llamas 
  are 
  pastured 
  in 
  the 
  neighboring 
  haciendas. 
  There, 
  

   the 
  Indians 
  are 
  given 
  unrestricted 
  pasturage 
  in 
  return 
  for 
  which 
  they 
  

   must 
  cart 
  on 
  their 
  own 
  llamas 
  a 
  specified 
  number 
  of 
  loads 
  of 
  hacienda 
  

   produce 
  to 
  a 
  marketing 
  center. 
  The 
  llamas, 
  meanwhile, 
  are 
  looked 
  

   after 
  by 
  the 
  hacienda 
  Indians. 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  short-term 
  

   pasturing 
  contract 
  usually 
  made 
  between 
  the 
  Indians 
  of 
  the 
  commu- 
  

   nities 
  and 
  the 
  hacienda 
  tenants. 
  In 
  this 
  type 
  of 
  subcontract, 
  for 
  

   every 
  10 
  sheep 
  pastured 
  over 
  a 
  2- 
  or 
  3-month 
  period 
  the 
  wool 
  of 
  1 
  sheep 
  

   is 
  asked, 
  or, 
  in 
  lieu 
  of 
  wool, 
  a 
  day's 
  work 
  in 
  each 
  week 
  during 
  the 
  time 
  

   that 
  the 
  sheep 
  are 
  being 
  pastured. 
  The 
  owner 
  always 
  pastures 
  his 
  

   own 
  sheep 
  under 
  this 
  kind 
  of 
  an 
  agreement. 
  

  

  Herding 
  may 
  be 
  done 
  by 
  anyone. 
  Children 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  years 
  old, 
  barely 
  

   able 
  to 
  walk, 
  are 
  put 
  in 
  charge 
  of 
  a 
  flock 
  of 
  ewes 
  with 
  their 
  new-born 
  

   lambs. 
  The 
  oldest 
  and 
  most 
  decrepit 
  women 
  will 
  take 
  a 
  herd 
  to 
  the 
  

   punas. 
  Men 
  will 
  herd 
  when 
  they 
  have 
  nothing 
  better 
  to 
  do. 
  The 
  

   customary 
  herders, 
  however, 
  are 
  women 
  and 
  young 
  people. 
  Herding 
  

   may 
  be 
  done 
  in 
  aine 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  as 
  labor 
  is 
  exchanged 
  in 
  agri- 
  

   cultural 
  work. 
  When 
  the 
  owner 
  of 
  the 
  herd 
  is 
  busy 
  cultivating 
  his 
  

   plot, 
  his 
  children 
  assisting 
  him, 
  and 
  his 
  wife 
  occupied 
  with 
  preparation 
  

   of 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  workers, 
  some 
  person 
  is 
  sought 
  to 
  pasture 
  the 
  herd 
  in 
  

   aine. 
  The 
  debt, 
  of 
  course, 
  is 
  settled 
  later 
  on 
  by 
  returning 
  the 
  day's 
  

   herding 
  work, 
  by 
  some 
  wool, 
  or 
  by 
  payment 
  of 
  the 
  standard 
  wage. 
  

  

  