﻿Vol.2] 
  CONTEMPORARY 
  QUECHUA 
  — 
  MISHKIN 
  431 
  

  

  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  Cordage. 
  — 
  The 
  making 
  of 
  cordage 
  is 
  a 
  highly 
  developed 
  native 
  

   industry, 
  especially 
  in 
  northern 
  Peru. 
  The 
  maguey 
  plant 
  is 
  primarily 
  

   utilized 
  in 
  this 
  industry, 
  known 
  locally 
  as 
  chachual. 
  The 
  vegetable 
  

   fiber 
  is 
  extracted 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  way: 
  The 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  are 
  

   cut 
  and 
  soaked 
  in 
  water 
  until 
  the 
  pulp 
  has 
  rotted. 
  By 
  another 
  tech- 
  

   nique, 
  the 
  fibers 
  are 
  freed 
  after 
  beating 
  the 
  plant 
  against 
  a 
  stone. 
  The 
  

   fibers, 
  called 
  cabuya, 
  are 
  plaited 
  in 
  three 
  to 
  five 
  strands, 
  the 
  first 
  flat- 
  

   tened 
  while 
  the 
  rest 
  are 
  rounded. 
  Cable 
  made 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  is 
  ex- 
  

   tremely 
  resistent 
  and 
  durable 
  (Castro 
  Pozo, 
  1924, 
  p. 
  452). 
  The 
  cord- 
  

   age 
  industry 
  is 
  practiced 
  in 
  Piura, 
  Cajamarca, 
  parts 
  of 
  Amazonas, 
  

   Huanuco, 
  Ancash, 
  Junin, 
  Ayacucho, 
  Arequipa, 
  Apurimac, 
  Aczo, 
  and 
  

   Piura. 
  Sacks 
  for 
  local 
  use 
  are 
  also 
  made 
  of 
  maguey 
  fiber. 
  

  

  Another 
  type 
  of 
  rope 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  llama 
  and 
  alpaca 
  wool. 
  

  

  Basketry. 
  — 
  Basketry 
  is 
  made 
  sporadically 
  in 
  Peru, 
  the 
  larger 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  production 
  being 
  concentrated 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  Coast. 
  It 
  is 
  

   mostly 
  of 
  the 
  coiled 
  variety, 
  made 
  of 
  various 
  materials 
  among 
  which 
  

   corbatana 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  popular. 
  

  

  Weaving. 
  — 
  Perhaps 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  of 
  all 
  Quechua 
  industries 
  

   is 
  weaving 
  (pi. 
  97). 
  Textiles 
  are 
  woven 
  of 
  cotton 
  and 
  llama, 
  alpaca, 
  and 
  

   sheep's 
  wool 
  in 
  a 
  wide 
  variety 
  of 
  designs. 
  Several 
  types 
  of 
  looms 
  are 
  

   used 
  but 
  the 
  most 
  popular 
  are 
  the 
  belt 
  loom 
  and 
  the 
  horizontal 
  peg 
  

   loom. 
  The 
  Spanish 
  machanical 
  loom 
  is 
  used 
  widely 
  to 
  make 
  bayeta. 
  

  

  Everyone 
  spins 
  — 
  men, 
  women, 
  and 
  children. 
  After 
  shearing, 
  the 
  

   wool 
  is 
  spun 
  on 
  a 
  spindle 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  wooden 
  shaft, 
  with 
  the 
  whorl 
  

   made 
  of 
  wood 
  or 
  pottery. 
  

  

  The 
  horizontal 
  and 
  belt 
  looms 
  are 
  pegged 
  out 
  horizontally. 
  The 
  

   technique 
  consists 
  of 
  maintaining 
  a 
  continuous 
  warp 
  system 
  which 
  is 
  

   slipped 
  around 
  the 
  cloth 
  and 
  beams. 
  The 
  shed 
  stick 
  is 
  usually 
  made 
  

   of 
  wood. 
  The 
  shuttle 
  stick 
  is 
  much 
  slimmer 
  and 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  winding 
  

   the 
  weft. 
  After 
  shooting 
  the 
  weft, 
  the 
  shed 
  is 
  pulled 
  down 
  and 
  the 
  

   weft 
  is 
  flattened 
  by 
  a 
  wood 
  or 
  bone 
  awl. 
  The 
  heddle 
  is 
  then 
  raised 
  

   and 
  the 
  shed 
  is 
  changed. 
  

  

  Fancy 
  edging, 
  about 
  two-thirds 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  (2 
  cm.) 
  in 
  width, 
  called 
  

   buyto 
  in 
  many 
  places, 
  and 
  used 
  for 
  decorating 
  skirts, 
  llicllas, 
  and 
  

   ponchos, 
  is 
  manufactured 
  on 
  a 
  special 
  small 
  loom. 
  

  

  Dyeing 
  is 
  done 
  immediately 
  after 
  spinning. 
  Today, 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  

   mineral 
  and 
  vegetable 
  dyes 
  is 
  preserved 
  in 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  regions 
  of 
  Peru. 
  

   The 
  majority 
  use 
  aniline 
  dyes 
  exclusively. 
  Ponchos 
  are 
  dyed 
  in 
  solid 
  

   colors, 
  in 
  stripes 
  or 
  in 
  triangular 
  designs. 
  Vicuna 
  ponchos 
  are 
  never 
  

   carded 
  and 
  are 
  rarely 
  dyed. 
  Ordinary 
  bayeta 
  comes 
  mainly 
  in 
  the 
  

   natural 
  shade 
  or 
  in 
  stripes, 
  checks, 
  and 
  a 
  hound's- 
  tooth 
  pattern. 
  

  

  Although 
  in 
  many 
  communities 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  members 
  weave 
  both 
  

  

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