﻿432 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  for 
  their 
  own 
  needs 
  and 
  for 
  sale, 
  experts 
  in 
  weaving 
  and 
  dyeing 
  who 
  

   dedicate 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  time 
  to 
  the 
  arts 
  are 
  known 
  every- 
  

   where. 
  The 
  experts 
  are 
  called 
  upon 
  for 
  their 
  services 
  just 
  as 
  often 
  by 
  

   the 
  people 
  of 
  their 
  own 
  community 
  as 
  by 
  retailers 
  who 
  sell 
  their 
  

   products 
  in 
  the 
  markets. 
  Some 
  women 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  do 
  exceptionally 
  

   fine 
  spinning. 
  Some 
  men 
  are 
  famous 
  for 
  the 
  pleasing 
  designs 
  of 
  their 
  

   ponchos 
  and 
  others 
  are 
  expert 
  dyers. 
  In 
  Ccatcca 
  some 
  men 
  were 
  

   considered 
  experts 
  in 
  dyeing 
  in 
  one 
  shade, 
  so 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  those 
  

   who 
  were 
  famous 
  for 
  their 
  reds, 
  and 
  others 
  who 
  were 
  professional 
  

   violet 
  dyers. 
  

  

  Woodwork. 
  — 
  Woodwork 
  is 
  characteristic 
  of 
  Central 
  Peru. 
  Castro 
  

   Pozo 
  (1924, 
  p. 
  456) 
  gives 
  the 
  following 
  distribution 
  for 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  

   wooden 
  plates, 
  spoons, 
  ladles, 
  etc.: 
  The 
  provinces 
  of 
  Santiago 
  de 
  

   Chuco, 
  Cajabamba, 
  Chachapoyas, 
  Maran6n, 
  Huari, 
  Huaraz, 
  Pallasca, 
  

   Pomabamba, 
  Jauja, 
  Tarma, 
  Huancayo, 
  Abancay, 
  Urubamba, 
  and 
  

   Chumbivilcas. 
  The 
  plates 
  are 
  crudely 
  made 
  of 
  soft 
  wood. 
  The 
  

   spoons 
  and 
  ladles 
  are 
  often 
  decorated 
  at 
  the 
  handles 
  with 
  figures 
  of 
  

   flowers, 
  plants, 
  animals, 
  and 
  birds. 
  In 
  Tarma, 
  fine 
  novelty 
  boxes 
  

   are 
  made 
  in 
  Spanish 
  style 
  with 
  inlaid 
  designs. 
  A 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  rare 
  

   Montana 
  woods 
  are 
  employed. 
  

  

  A 
  flourishing 
  furniture 
  industry 
  exists 
  in 
  the 
  larger 
  towns. 
  The 
  

   carpenters 
  and 
  cabinet 
  makers 
  mainly 
  are 
  Quechua. 
  

  

  Totora 
  products. 
  — 
  Totora 
  reed, 
  a 
  vital 
  plant 
  for 
  the 
  fishing 
  people 
  

   of 
  the 
  lake 
  and 
  Coast 
  regions, 
  grows 
  wild 
  in 
  the 
  swampy 
  regions 
  of 
  

   the 
  country. 
  In 
  some 
  places 
  along 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  Coast, 
  totora 
  is 
  

   cultivated. 
  The 
  famous 
  fishing 
  balsa, 
  the 
  caballito, 
  used 
  commonly 
  

   between 
  Chimbote 
  and 
  San 
  Jose* 
  (north 
  of 
  Eten) 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  notable 
  

   totora 
  product. 
  It 
  is 
  used 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  mats. 
  In 
  some 
  of 
  

   the 
  more 
  ancient 
  Coastal 
  fishing 
  villages 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  houses 
  are 
  

   formed 
  by 
  totora 
  mats 
  (Mishkin, 
  ms.). 
  

  

  The 
  totora 
  industry 
  is 
  also 
  highly 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  lake 
  region. 
  

   Some 
  furniture 
  of 
  totora 
  is 
  made. 
  

  

  Hat 
  manufacture. 
  — 
  Hat 
  making 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  industry 
  in 
  both 
  

   northern 
  and 
  southern 
  Peru. 
  The 
  Panama 
  type 
  made 
  of 
  paja 
  

   toquilla 
  is 
  woven 
  in 
  Catacaos, 
  Cajabamba, 
  Celedin, 
  Jangas, 
  and 
  

   Tarica. 
  The 
  fiber 
  is 
  carefully 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  palm, 
  locally 
  called 
  

   bombonaje, 
  and 
  is 
  continuously 
  moistened 
  in 
  the 
  weaving. 
  This 
  

   style 
  of 
  hat 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  since 
  the 
  Colonial 
  Period, 
  especially 
  around 
  

   Catacaos, 
  according 
  to 
  Leguia 
  y 
  Martinez, 
  who 
  asserts 
  that 
  "men 
  

   and 
  women, 
  the 
  old 
  and 
  the 
  young, 
  all 
  weave 
  hats 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  

   carrying 
  on 
  their 
  agricultural 
  work.*' 
  (Quoted 
  in 
  Castro 
  Pozo, 
  1924, 
  

   p. 
  469.) 
  Around 
  Chiclayo, 
  in 
  nearly 
  all 
  the 
  fishing 
  villages 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  in 
  the 
  agricultural 
  communities, 
  hats 
  are 
  made 
  the 
  whole 
  year 
  

   around. 
  However, 
  these 
  hats, 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  centered 
  

   in 
  MonseM, 
  Santa 
  Rosa, 
  Eten, 
  etc., 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  different 
  material, 
  

  

  