﻿436 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Markets. 
  — 
  The 
  market 
  is 
  still 
  a 
  fundamental 
  institution 
  in 
  Quechua 
  

   territory. 
  Throughout 
  the 
  Andean 
  republics, 
  an 
  Indian 
  market 
  is 
  

   held 
  once 
  a 
  week 
  or 
  more 
  frequently 
  in 
  the 
  capital 
  of 
  each 
  district 
  and 
  

   in 
  the 
  urban 
  centers. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  towns, 
  permanent 
  daily 
  mar- 
  

   kets 
  are 
  held, 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  hands 
  of 
  Mestizo 
  traders 
  and 
  es- 
  

   tablished 
  merchants. 
  The 
  normal 
  Quechua 
  market 
  scene 
  of 
  a 
  Sunday 
  

   in 
  the 
  plaza 
  of 
  any 
  district 
  capital 
  is 
  spectacular 
  if 
  not 
  animated. 
  Sev- 
  

   eral 
  hundred 
  vendors 
  sit 
  before 
  their 
  merchandise 
  spread 
  out 
  over 
  a 
  

   poncho, 
  or 
  lliclla, 
  on 
  the 
  ground. 
  A 
  goodly 
  sized 
  crowd 
  of 
  purchasers 
  

   will 
  number 
  in 
  the 
  thousands. 
  The 
  market 
  is 
  vaguely 
  departmen- 
  

   talized 
  in 
  most 
  places. 
  Bread 
  vendors 
  tend 
  to 
  congregate 
  at 
  one 
  

   place 
  in 
  the 
  plaza; 
  meat 
  vendors 
  at 
  another; 
  Mestizos 
  selling 
  coca 
  will 
  

   select 
  their 
  own 
  particular 
  corner. 
  But 
  departmentalization 
  is 
  not 
  

   strictly 
  adhered 
  to; 
  at 
  one 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  plaza, 
  an 
  extraordinary 
  mix- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  products 
  is 
  arrayed 
  side 
  by 
  side, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  purchaser 
  is 
  able 
  

   to 
  fill 
  his 
  sack 
  with 
  onions, 
  bananas, 
  a 
  hat, 
  dyes, 
  and 
  potatoes 
  without 
  

   moving 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  few 
  paces 
  in 
  any 
  direction. 
  Moreover, 
  on 
  the 
  

   following 
  Sunday, 
  whatever 
  patterning 
  of 
  market 
  stands 
  exists 
  may 
  

   be 
  spatially 
  rearranged. 
  Where 
  coca 
  was 
  found 
  before, 
  meat 
  is 
  being 
  

   sold. 
  The 
  places 
  for 
  textile 
  products 
  have 
  been 
  usurped 
  by 
  the 
  pepper 
  

   vendors. 
  

  

  Characteristic 
  of 
  Quechua 
  trade 
  in 
  the 
  market 
  place 
  is 
  the 
  pettiness 
  

   of 
  the 
  transactions 
  and 
  the 
  vendor's 
  lack 
  of 
  diversified 
  goods. 
  Only 
  

   the 
  Mestizos 
  display 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  merchandise 
  and 
  a 
  respectable 
  quan- 
  

   tity 
  of 
  it 
  in 
  their 
  stands. 
  They, 
  of 
  course, 
  are 
  professional 
  traders 
  

   whose 
  full-time 
  occupation 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  purchase 
  goods 
  wholesale, 
  and 
  sell 
  

   in 
  retail. 
  The 
  Indian 
  customarily 
  has 
  merely 
  the 
  surplus 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  

   agricultural 
  production 
  or 
  a 
  few 
  handicraft 
  articles 
  he 
  has 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  

   make 
  in 
  his 
  spare 
  time. 
  Basically, 
  the 
  Indian 
  is 
  exchanging 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  

   his 
  own 
  production 
  for 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  another 
  Indian. 
  

   The 
  two 
  are 
  merely 
  increasing 
  the 
  variety 
  of 
  goods 
  each 
  will 
  use, 
  and 
  

   this 
  is 
  most 
  frequently 
  achieved 
  without 
  reference 
  to 
  a 
  middleman 
  or 
  to 
  

   the 
  money 
  economy. 
  

  

  Thus, 
  in 
  the 
  plaza, 
  it 
  is 
  often 
  difficult 
  to 
  perceive 
  who 
  is 
  the 
  buyer 
  

   and 
  who 
  the 
  seller, 
  since 
  both 
  are 
  on 
  equal 
  terms. 
  One 
  woman 
  sits 
  

   before 
  a 
  tiny 
  mound 
  of 
  potatoes; 
  another, 
  facing 
  her, 
  has 
  opened 
  a 
  nap- 
  

   kin 
  containing 
  a 
  few 
  ears 
  of 
  corn. 
  There 
  is 
  silence 
  and 
  concentration 
  

   as 
  one 
  studies 
  the 
  goods 
  of 
  the 
  other. 
  In 
  a 
  minute 
  or 
  two 
  an 
  agree- 
  

   ment 
  has 
  been 
  reached. 
  The 
  amounts 
  to 
  be 
  bartered 
  are 
  pushed 
  

   forward, 
  yapa 
  (overweight) 
  , 
  is 
  requested, 
  and 
  the 
  transaction 
  is 
  com- 
  

   pleted. 
  

  

  In 
  every 
  market 
  there 
  is 
  made 
  available 
  locally 
  produced 
  goods 
  

   and 
  goods 
  brought 
  in 
  from 
  the 
  outside. 
  This 
  division 
  of 
  two 
  types 
  

   of 
  goods 
  corresponds 
  roughly 
  to 
  what 
  is 
  bartered 
  and 
  what 
  is 
  sold 
  for 
  

   cash. 
  Certain 
  articles, 
  however, 
  are 
  practically 
  always 
  sold 
  for 
  cash, 
  

  

  