﻿438 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  servants. 
  These 
  detribalized 
  Quechua 
  soon 
  learn 
  Spanish, 
  are 
  de- 
  

   lighted 
  with 
  the 
  educational 
  opportunities 
  offered 
  in 
  the 
  towns, 
  and 
  

   adapt 
  themselves 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  life 
  with 
  great 
  speed. 
  They 
  acquire 
  the 
  

   manner 
  of 
  life, 
  the 
  interests, 
  and 
  characteristics 
  of 
  the 
  Mestizo, 
  and 
  

   in 
  short 
  order 
  become 
  indistinguishable 
  from 
  the 
  town 
  Mestizo 
  

   population. 
  A 
  number 
  return 
  to 
  their 
  villages 
  in 
  the 
  Provinces, 
  but 
  

   these 
  are 
  usually 
  young 
  domestics 
  who 
  have 
  saved 
  a 
  little 
  salary 
  to 
  

   buy 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  land 
  and 
  cultivate 
  it 
  in 
  Mestizo 
  fashion. 
  Very 
  few, 
  

   indeed, 
  take 
  up 
  the 
  life 
  they 
  left 
  in 
  their 
  home 
  communities. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  

   great 
  misfortune 
  that 
  practically 
  no 
  statistics 
  are 
  available 
  on 
  rural- 
  

   urban 
  migrations 
  in 
  Peru, 
  and 
  one 
  can 
  only 
  regret 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  

   serious 
  study 
  of 
  Quechua 
  urban 
  populations 
  to 
  investigate 
  the 
  accul- 
  

   turation 
  process 
  that 
  is 
  taking 
  place. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  temporary 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  permanent 
  Quechua 
  exoduses. 
  

   Castro 
  Pozo 
  (1924, 
  pp. 
  100-105) 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  after 
  October 
  and 
  

   November 
  in 
  Northern 
  Perti, 
  August 
  in 
  Central 
  Peru, 
  and 
  November 
  

   in 
  the 
  South, 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  Indian 
  agriculturists 
  leave 
  their 
  

   communities 
  for 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  mines 
  and 
  the 
  industrialized 
  Coastal 
  

   centers. 
  Whole 
  communities 
  move 
  en 
  masse, 
  leaving 
  the 
  old 
  people 
  

   and 
  youth 
  to 
  carry 
  on 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  plowing. 
  After 
  completing 
  a 
  

   short-term 
  contract, 
  the 
  migratory 
  workers 
  return 
  home. 
  

  

  DRESS 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  Dress. 
  — 
  Clothing 
  fashions 
  differ 
  widely 
  from 
  region 
  to 
  region. 
  

   Cuzco 
  men 
  wear 
  a 
  short 
  jacket 
  and 
  knee 
  pants 
  of 
  homespun, 
  a 
  mon- 
  

   tera 
  with 
  a 
  wide 
  brim 
  and 
  shallow 
  crown, 
  faced 
  with 
  red 
  felt 
  or 
  home- 
  

   spun 
  and 
  black 
  velvet. 
  The 
  women 
  wear 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  short 
  skirts, 
  

   the 
  colored 
  edging 
  of 
  each 
  being 
  visible. 
  The 
  majority 
  go 
  barefooted 
  

   or 
  wear 
  sandals 
  of 
  leather 
  or 
  of 
  rubber 
  tires. 
  Shoes 
  are 
  customarily 
  

   worn 
  by 
  officers 
  of 
  the 
  community 
  at 
  Sunday 
  Mass 
  and 
  for 
  special 
  

   occasions, 
  such 
  as 
  fiestas. 
  

  

  Headgear 
  is 
  especially 
  elegant 
  in 
  southern 
  Perti 
  and 
  is 
  worn 
  over 
  

   knitted 
  caps 
  called 
  chullos. 
  A 
  common 
  type 
  of 
  montera 
  in 
  Puno 
  

   comes 
  in 
  a 
  bicorn 
  form 
  which 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  Portuguese 
  origin 
  

   (Romero, 
  E., 
  1928, 
  p. 
  202). 
  The 
  men 
  of 
  Puno 
  usually 
  wear 
  homespun 
  

   suits 
  of 
  more 
  modern 
  cut 
  with 
  long 
  trousers. 
  The 
  women 
  wear 
  a 
  felt 
  

   derby. 
  In 
  Cuzco, 
  the 
  derby 
  is 
  the 
  mark 
  of 
  a 
  Mestizo 
  woman. 
  

  

  What 
  is 
  typical 
  Mestizo 
  dress 
  in 
  one 
  region 
  becomes 
  Indian 
  dress 
  in 
  

   another, 
  and 
  vice 
  versa. 
  For 
  example, 
  the 
  dress 
  of 
  a 
  Mestizo 
  woman 
  of 
  

   Cuzco 
  with 
  derby, 
  and 
  long, 
  full 
  skirts 
  worn 
  over 
  several 
  underskirts, 
  

   is 
  a 
  typical 
  costume 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  women 
  of 
  Ayacucho. 
  In 
  some 
  

   places, 
  cotton 
  and 
  rayon 
  are 
  replacing 
  wool 
  so 
  rapidly 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  no 
  

   longer 
  possible 
  to 
  identify 
  one 
  as 
  Indian 
  and 
  the 
  others 
  as 
  Mestizo 
  

   materials. 
  

  

  