﻿444 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  alguacil. 
  In 
  other 
  places 
  the 
  office 
  of 
  mand6n 
  is 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  list. 
  

   The 
  alcalde 
  stands 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  hierarchy. 
  Although 
  subordi- 
  

   nate 
  bo 
  the 
  Governor 
  of 
  the 
  district, 
  he 
  is 
  often 
  permitted 
  to 
  exercise 
  

   considerable 
  authority 
  in 
  his 
  own 
  right. 
  He 
  determines 
  when 
  agri- 
  

   cultural 
  labors 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  begun, 
  arranges 
  that 
  the 
  faenas 
  (the 
  compul- 
  

   sory 
  labor 
  on 
  public 
  works, 
  road 
  building, 
  sanitation, 
  etc.) 
  be 
  per- 
  

   formed, 
  maintains 
  public 
  order, 
  judges 
  some 
  disputes, 
  determines 
  

   those 
  that 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  attention 
  of 
  the 
  governor, 
  and 
  may 
  

   meet 
  in 
  council 
  with 
  other 
  alcaldes 
  of 
  the 
  region. 
  The 
  alcaldes 
  of 
  

   the 
  province 
  of 
  Anta 
  (Cuzco) 
  some 
  years 
  ago 
  fitted 
  into 
  a 
  single 
  

   hierarchy 
  and 
  were 
  grouped 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  their 
  

   power. 
  Above 
  the 
  alcaldes 
  of 
  communities 
  were 
  the 
  town 
  alcaldes, 
  

   who 
  served 
  previously 
  as 
  alcaldes 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  category. 
  The 
  highest 
  

   alcalde, 
  the 
  elacta 
  alcalde, 
  was 
  the 
  mayor 
  of 
  the 
  capital 
  of 
  the 
  province 
  

   (Pastor 
  Ordofiez, 
  1919, 
  1:34.) 
  

  

  The 
  alguaciles 
  are 
  essentially 
  executive 
  officers 
  to 
  the 
  alcaldes. 
  

   They 
  transmit 
  the 
  orders 
  of 
  the 
  alcalde 
  to 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  

   village 
  and 
  announce 
  the 
  days 
  of 
  the 
  faenas. 
  They 
  see 
  to 
  it 
  that 
  each 
  

   family 
  has 
  its 
  quota 
  of 
  members 
  on 
  hand 
  for 
  the 
  performance 
  of 
  the 
  

   faenas. 
  They 
  are 
  responsible 
  for 
  the 
  execution 
  of 
  the 
  alcalde's 
  

   orders. 
  Where 
  the 
  office 
  of 
  alguacil 
  is 
  not 
  present, 
  this 
  function 
  is 
  

   exercised 
  by 
  the 
  segunda 
  or 
  mand6n, 
  or 
  both. 
  The 
  segunda, 
  or 
  

   segundo 
  alcalde, 
  is 
  normally 
  an 
  honorific 
  post 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  held 
  by 
  

   an 
  ex-alcalde 
  or 
  by 
  a 
  future 
  candidate 
  for 
  the 
  alcaldeship. 
  In 
  the 
  

   region 
  of 
  Acomayo, 
  there 
  are 
  mandones 
  and 
  campos 
  who 
  represent 
  

   the 
  alcaldes 
  in 
  the 
  isolated 
  segments 
  of 
  the 
  community 
  apart 
  from 
  the 
  

   main 
  settlement. 
  The 
  mand6n 
  in 
  Kauri 
  has 
  approximately 
  the 
  same 
  

   status 
  as 
  the 
  segunda. 
  One 
  of 
  his 
  duties, 
  here, 
  is 
  to 
  feed 
  the 
  workers 
  

   in 
  the 
  faenas. 
  He 
  is 
  also 
  responsible 
  for 
  preparing 
  the 
  feast 
  at 
  the 
  

   land 
  repartici6n. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  higher 
  functionaries 
  of 
  the 
  community, 
  the 
  

   regidores 
  form 
  a 
  secondary 
  branch 
  of 
  community 
  officialdom. 
  These 
  

   young 
  men 
  are, 
  in 
  part, 
  adjutants 
  of 
  the 
  alcalde 
  and 
  his 
  executive 
  

   officers. 
  They 
  serve 
  as 
  guards 
  and 
  police, 
  and 
  execute 
  the 
  orders 
  of 
  

   the 
  alcalde. 
  However, 
  they 
  participate 
  with 
  the 
  rank 
  and 
  file 
  of 
  the 
  

   village 
  in 
  the 
  faenas. 
  At 
  Masses, 
  fiestas, 
  and 
  on 
  official 
  occasions 
  the 
  

   regidores 
  form 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  alcalde's 
  entourage, 
  wearing 
  shoes 
  and 
  all 
  

   bearing 
  their 
  staffs. 
  

  

  The 
  staff 
  (vara) 
  is 
  a 
  badge 
  of 
  office, 
  as 
  it 
  was 
  both 
  in 
  Inca 
  Peru 
  and 
  

   in 
  Spain. 
  The 
  finer 
  staffs 
  in 
  modern 
  Peru 
  are 
  highly 
  decorative 
  with 
  

   the 
  upper 
  part 
  in 
  silver 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  crucifixes 
  and 
  portraits 
  of 
  

   saints 
  in 
  repousse. 
  Keligious 
  medals 
  are 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  thick 
  part 
  

   at 
  the 
  top 
  by 
  silver 
  chains. 
  The 
  end 
  comes 
  to 
  a 
  sharp 
  point 
  made 
  of 
  

   iron. 
  These 
  varas 
  possess 
  some 
  religious 
  significance, 
  but 
  precisely 
  

   what 
  is 
  unclear. 
  It 
  may 
  be, 
  as 
  some 
  writers 
  have 
  suggested, 
  that 
  

  

  