﻿452 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  conservative 
  and 
  traditionalist, 
  that 
  take 
  pride 
  in 
  retaining 
  the 
  pure 
  

   Quechua 
  terms. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  grandparent 
  generation, 
  only 
  one 
  set 
  of 
  terms 
  is 
  used; 
  the 
  

   paternal 
  and 
  maternal 
  lines 
  are 
  not 
  differentiated. 
  Great 
  grand- 
  

   parents 
  are 
  designated 
  as 
  "fathers" 
  or 
  "mothers" 
  of 
  grandparents 
  

   and 
  remote 
  ancestors 
  are 
  called 
  "grandparents 
  of 
  grandparents." 
  

   Fathers' 
  brothers 
  are 
  called 
  "fathers" 
  and 
  mothers' 
  sisters 
  "mothers" 
  

   or 
  often 
  "aunts." 
  The 
  mother's 
  brother 
  and 
  father's 
  sister 
  have 
  

   special 
  terms. 
  The 
  kinship 
  schedule 
  obtained 
  in 
  Kauri 
  denoted 
  a 
  

   cross-cousin 
  marriage 
  which 
  is 
  further 
  borne 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  a 
  

   man 
  calls 
  his 
  wife's 
  brother 
  " 
  tio" 
  (uncle) 
  . 
  Practically 
  no 
  cross-cousin 
  

   marriage 
  (unacceptable 
  as 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  to 
  the 
  church) 
  occurs 
  today. 
  

   Inca 
  kinship 
  terms 
  likewise 
  suggest 
  cross-cousin 
  marriage, 
  but 
  there 
  

   is 
  no 
  direct 
  evidence 
  of 
  this 
  as 
  a 
  practice. 
  

  

  Tio's 
  children, 
  and 
  the 
  children 
  of 
  the 
  father's 
  brothers 
  are 
  called 
  

   "sons" 
  and 
  "daughters." 
  The 
  children 
  of 
  the 
  mother's 
  brothers 
  and 
  

   father's 
  sisters 
  are, 
  as 
  would 
  be 
  expected, 
  "nieces" 
  and 
  "nephews." 
  

   In 
  Kauri, 
  affinal 
  relatives 
  are 
  subsume 
  under 
  three 
  basic 
  terms: 
  

   "Father-in-law" 
  and 
  "mother-in-law," 
  "daughter-in-law" 
  and 
  "son- 
  

   in-law," 
  and 
  "uncle" 
  for 
  the 
  wife's 
  brother 
  (who 
  in 
  turn 
  calls 
  his 
  brother- 
  

   in-law 
  "qacay"). 
  Most 
  other 
  affinals 
  are 
  blanketed 
  under 
  the 
  term 
  

   "cufiado," 
  brother-in-law. 
  

  

  Siblings 
  and 
  parents' 
  siblings 
  are 
  differentiated 
  as 
  to 
  age 
  by 
  prefix- 
  

   ing 
  "older" 
  or 
  "younger" 
  to 
  the 
  root 
  terms. 
  The 
  terms 
  vary 
  with 
  the 
  

   sex 
  of 
  the 
  speaker. 
  A 
  generation 
  principle 
  is 
  clearly 
  present. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  few 
  formal 
  rules 
  of 
  behavior 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  kinship 
  

   terms. 
  In 
  general, 
  one 
  shows 
  the 
  highest 
  respect 
  toward 
  the 
  members 
  

   of 
  the 
  parents' 
  generation. 
  This 
  respect 
  relationship 
  is 
  even 
  further 
  

   intensified 
  in 
  dealing 
  with 
  affinal 
  relatives. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  

   generation 
  respect 
  barrier 
  is 
  lowered 
  between 
  grandparents 
  and 
  grand- 
  

   children. 
  Good-humored 
  bantering 
  is 
  permitted 
  and 
  certain 
  liberties 
  

   may 
  be 
  taken 
  with 
  one's 
  grandparents. 
  The 
  Quechua 
  hold 
  the 
  almost 
  

   universal 
  notion 
  that 
  grandparents 
  spoil 
  their 
  grandchildren 
  with 
  

   constant 
  attention 
  and 
  coddling. 
  

  

  The 
  institution 
  of 
  godfather, 
  "padrino," 
  is 
  well 
  established 
  among 
  all 
  

   Quechua 
  groups. 
  In 
  some 
  ways, 
  the 
  padrino-ahijado 
  connection 
  is 
  

   the 
  most 
  important 
  relationship 
  the 
  individual 
  possesses. 
  The 
  

   padrino 
  sponsors 
  his 
  ahijado, 
  advises 
  him, 
  gives 
  him 
  assistance 
  on 
  

   special 
  occasions, 
  and 
  stands 
  by 
  him 
  through 
  any 
  crisis 
  that 
  may 
  arise 
  

   from 
  his 
  early 
  years 
  to 
  his 
  maturity. 
  In 
  return, 
  the 
  ahijado 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  

   call 
  of 
  his 
  padrino 
  for 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  fields 
  or 
  for 
  any 
  other 
  service 
  required 
  

   of 
  him. 
  The 
  ahijado 
  is 
  expected 
  to 
  show 
  the 
  utmost 
  respect 
  in 
  his 
  

   dealings 
  with 
  his 
  padrino, 
  while 
  the 
  latter 
  tempers 
  the 
  formality 
  of 
  his 
  

   behavior 
  with 
  sympathy 
  and 
  affection. 
  Similarly, 
  compadres 
  take 
  a 
  

  

  