﻿472 
  

  

  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  form, 
  they 
  show 
  with 
  great 
  veneration 
  the 
  footprints 
  left 
  by 
  his 
  feet 
  

   in 
  a 
  rock 
  pavement. 
  Two 
  prints 
  of 
  great 
  dimensions 
  can 
  still 
  be 
  seen 
  

   in 
  the 
  pavement. 
  

  

  Zelia 
  Nutall 
  (1928) 
  observed 
  that 
  the 
  time 
  between 
  the 
  equinoctial 
  

   days 
  in 
  Lake 
  Titicaca 
  corresponds 
  to 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  human 
  gestation, 
  

   that 
  is, 
  9 
  months. 
  In 
  the 
  myth, 
  the 
  Sun 
  descends 
  to 
  live 
  among 
  men, 
  

   and 
  impregnates 
  a 
  woman 
  or 
  several 
  women, 
  who 
  bring 
  forth 
  their 
  

   offspring 
  so 
  that 
  their 
  divine 
  spouse 
  will 
  return. 
  

  

  Since 
  each 
  month 
  was 
  the 
  occasion 
  for 
  some 
  fiesta 
  in 
  the 
  ceremonial 
  

   calendar, 
  certain 
  correspondences 
  with 
  February 
  14 
  and 
  October 
  30, 
  

   the 
  days 
  of 
  the 
  equinox, 
  and 
  June 
  21 
  or 
  22 
  and 
  December 
  21 
  or 
  22, 
  

   the 
  days 
  of 
  the 
  solstice, 
  naturally 
  occur. 
  The 
  major 
  celebration 
  

   dates 
  were 
  called 
  Kaymi, 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  festival 
  or 
  principal 
  dance. 
  

   In 
  June, 
  Intip 
  Raymi, 
  festival 
  or 
  dance 
  of 
  the 
  Sun, 
  was 
  celebrated. 
  

   In 
  December, 
  Kapaj 
  Kaymi 
  was 
  the 
  principal 
  festival. 
  In 
  October, 
  

   Uma 
  Kaymi, 
  the 
  water 
  festival, 
  coincided 
  with 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  coming 
  

   of 
  the 
  rains. 
  In 
  February, 
  although 
  the 
  14th 
  should 
  be 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  

   the 
  other 
  "descent" 
  of 
  the 
  sun, 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  Kaymi. 
  The 
  only 
  

   author 
  who 
  places 
  the 
  festival 
  of 
  the 
  Kin 
  or 
  Inka 
  Kaymi 
  in 
  April 
  is 
  

   Poma 
  de 
  Ayala 
  (1936). 
  Instead, 
  the 
  fourth 
  date, 
  as 
  cited 
  by 
  the 
  

   majority 
  of 
  the 
  chroniclers, 
  is 
  Koya 
  Raymi 
  or 
  festival 
  of 
  the 
  Queen, 
  

   which 
  falls 
  in 
  September. 
  

  

  Only 
  two 
  seasons 
  are 
  named 
  in 
  the 
  Aymara 
  language 
  : 
  Jallu 
  Pacha, 
  

   the 
  rainy 
  season, 
  and 
  Lupi 
  or 
  Auti 
  Pacha, 
  the 
  dry 
  season. 
  Quechua 
  

   also 
  has 
  names 
  for 
  only 
  two 
  seasons: 
  Paray 
  Mita 
  and 
  Rupay 
  Mita. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  solar 
  and 
  lunar 
  observations, 
  the 
  Inca 
  also 
  used 
  

   observations 
  of 
  certain 
  constellations, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  Southern 
  Cross 
  or 
  

   Chakana, 
  according 
  to 
  some 
  still 
  unpublished 
  studies 
  of 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  

   astronomer, 
  Colonel 
  Gerardo 
  Dianderas. 
  

  

  The 
  Inca 
  calendar 
  may 
  be 
  closely 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  Gregorian 
  cal- 
  

   endar 
  of 
  the 
  Catholic 
  Church, 
  which 
  prevails 
  in 
  Andean 
  towns. 
  The 
  

   most 
  plausible 
  correlation 
  places 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  between 
  

   the 
  last 
  days 
  of 
  December 
  and 
  the 
  first 
  days 
  of 
  January. 
  Here 
  is 
  

   the 
  corresponding 
  table 
  : 
  

  

  Table 
  1. 
  — 
  Comparison 
  of 
  Inca 
  calendar 
  with 
  Gregorian 
  calendar 
  of 
  the 
  Catholic 
  

  

  Church 
  

  

  Gregorian 
  months 
  

  

  Peruvian 
  months 
  l 
  

  

  Translation 
  

  

  1. 
  December 
  

  

  Kapaj 
  Raymi. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  festival. 
  

  

  2. 
  January 
  

  

  Juchuy 
  Pokoy 
  

  

  The 
  small 
  ripening. 
  

  

  3. 
  February 
  _. 
  . 
  _ 
  .. 
  

  

  Jatun 
  Pokoy 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  ripening. 
  

  

  4. 
  March 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  Paukar 
  Waray 
  . 
  

  

  The 
  garment 
  of 
  flowers. 
  

  

  5. 
  April 
  ... 
  . 
  

  

  Ayriway 
  . 
  ... 
  

  

  Dance 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  maize. 
  

  

  6. 
  May 
  

  

  Aymuray. 
  . 
  

  

  Song 
  of 
  the 
  harvest. 
  

  

  7. 
  June.. 
  

  

  Inti 
  Raymi 
  

  

  Festival 
  of 
  the 
  Sun. 
  

  

  8. 
  July. 
  

  

  Anta 
  Situwa 
  

  

  Earthly 
  purification. 
  

  

  9. 
  August 
  .. 
  

  

  Kapaj 
  Situwa... 
  ... 
  . 
  

  

  General 
  purification. 
  

  

  10. 
  September 
  

  

  Koya 
  Raymi. 
  

  

  Festival 
  of 
  the 
  Queen. 
  

  

  11. 
  October 
  

  

  Uma 
  Raymi. 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  Festival 
  of 
  the 
  Water. 
  

  

  12. 
  November.. 
  ..... 
  ... 
  

  

  Ayamark'a 
  ... 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  Procession 
  of 
  the 
  Dead. 
  

  

  

  

  

  1 
  See 
  p. 
  308, 
  this 
  volume, 
  for 
  alternative 
  names. 
  

  

  