﻿Vol.2] 
  ANDEAN 
  CALENDAR 
  — 
  VALCARCEL 
  475 
  

  

  unrestrained 
  carnal 
  indulgence. 
  On 
  the 
  two 
  successive 
  Thursdays 
  

   immediately 
  preceding 
  Ash 
  Wednesday, 
  and 
  on 
  Holy 
  Innocents* 
  

   Day 
  (December 
  27-28) 
  the 
  broadest 
  kind 
  of 
  jokes 
  and 
  pranks 
  are 
  

   permitted. 
  

  

  Tuesdays 
  and 
  Fridays 
  are 
  Chiki, 
  or 
  sad, 
  ominous, 
  unlucky 
  days, 
  

   especially 
  Tuesdays, 
  and 
  so 
  also 
  are 
  the 
  following: 
  January 
  11, 
  15, 
  and 
  

   20; 
  February 
  1, 
  7, 
  and 
  8; 
  March 
  15, 
  16, 
  and 
  20; 
  April 
  7 
  and 
  15; 
  May 
  7, 
  

   15, 
  and 
  17; 
  June 
  6; 
  July 
  13 
  and 
  15; 
  August 
  1, 
  18, 
  and 
  20; 
  September 
  

   15 
  and 
  18; 
  October 
  6; 
  November 
  15 
  and 
  17; 
  and 
  December 
  6 
  and 
  7. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  more 
  general 
  Catholic 
  feast 
  days, 
  we 
  have 
  Easter, 
  Carnival, 
  

   Holy 
  Week, 
  Pentecost, 
  and 
  Quasimodo 
  (Low 
  Sunday), 
  Corpus 
  Christi, 
  

   Candlemas, 
  the 
  Assumption 
  of 
  the 
  Blessed 
  Virgin, 
  Christmas, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Immaculate 
  Conception. 
  These, 
  together 
  with 
  some 
  others, 
  are 
  the 
  

   principal 
  feasts 
  of 
  the 
  Church. 
  Other 
  feast 
  days 
  celebrated 
  because 
  

   of 
  special 
  circumstances 
  are 
  the 
  following: 
  St. 
  Isidore 
  the 
  Farmer, 
  

   May 
  15, 
  patron 
  of 
  farmers; 
  St. 
  John 
  the 
  Baptist, 
  June 
  24, 
  patron 
  of 
  

   stock 
  raisers, 
  especially 
  sheep 
  raisers; 
  Sts. 
  Peter 
  and 
  Paul, 
  June 
  29, 
  the 
  

   former 
  being 
  the 
  patron 
  saint 
  of 
  fishermen; 
  St. 
  James, 
  July 
  25, 
  who 
  is 
  

   identified 
  by 
  the 
  Indians 
  with 
  the 
  Lightning 
  (Illapa) 
  ; 
  San 
  Lorenzo, 
  

   August 
  10, 
  and 
  San 
  Roque, 
  August 
  16, 
  who 
  are 
  connected 
  with 
  magic; 
  

   St. 
  Jerome, 
  September 
  30, 
  patron 
  of 
  many 
  towns 
  and 
  doctor 
  of 
  the 
  

   Church; 
  San 
  Francisco 
  de 
  Borja, 
  a 
  Jesuit 
  through 
  whose 
  intercession 
  

   instruction 
  for 
  the 
  Indians 
  was 
  begun, 
  October 
  10. 
  (In 
  Jesuit 
  parishes 
  

   and 
  missions, 
  July 
  31, 
  the 
  feast 
  of 
  St. 
  Ignatius 
  Loyola, 
  is 
  celebrated, 
  

   while, 
  for 
  similar 
  reasons, 
  other 
  congregations 
  celebrate 
  the 
  day 
  of 
  

   St. 
  Dominic, 
  August 
  4; 
  St. 
  Augustine, 
  August 
  28; 
  and 
  St. 
  Francis 
  of 
  

   Assisi, 
  October 
  4.) 
  In 
  November, 
  St. 
  Andrew's 
  Day 
  is 
  celebrated 
  on 
  

   the 
  30th. 
  The 
  days 
  of 
  the 
  four 
  Evangelists 
  are: 
  St. 
  Matthew, 
  Febru- 
  

   ary 
  24; 
  St. 
  Mark, 
  April 
  25; 
  St. 
  Luke, 
  October 
  18; 
  and 
  St. 
  John, 
  De- 
  

   cember 
  27. 
  

  

  The 
  calendar 
  which 
  governed 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  about 
  1609 
  to 
  1613 
  is 
  

   interesting. 
  Poma 
  de 
  Ayala 
  (1936) 
  has 
  recorded 
  all 
  the 
  feast 
  days 
  

   then 
  in 
  effect. 
  Many 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  now 
  disappeared 
  and 
  been 
  replaced 
  

   by 
  more 
  "fashionable' 
  ' 
  saints. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  holidays 
  under 
  the 
  Spanish 
  domin- 
  

   ion 
  and 
  in 
  contemporary 
  times 
  surpasses 
  that 
  celebrated 
  by 
  the 
  ancient 
  

   Peruvians. 
  Consequently, 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  latter 
  could 
  devote 
  to 
  work 
  

   was 
  much 
  greater 
  and 
  their 
  production 
  was 
  10 
  times 
  more 
  than 
  that 
  

   of 
  present 
  days. 
  Besides 
  the 
  52 
  Sundays, 
  observed 
  as 
  nonworking 
  

   days 
  in 
  the 
  Catholic 
  calendar, 
  at 
  least 
  as 
  many 
  more 
  days 
  can 
  be 
  

   counted 
  which 
  the 
  Church 
  requires 
  to 
  be 
  dedicated 
  exclusively 
  to 
  its 
  

   rites. 
  That 
  is 
  to 
  say, 
  a 
  third 
  of 
  a 
  year 
  is 
  rendered 
  inactive 
  for 
  religious 
  

   reasons. 
  

  

  The 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  fiesta 
  on 
  the 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  community 
  is 
  

   very 
  great. 
  It 
  can 
  be 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  entire 
  population 
  hangs 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  