﻿480 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  a. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  exciting 
  spectacle 
  when 
  the 
  horses 
  are 
  being 
  tried 
  out 
  in 
  violent 
  races, 
  

   with 
  the 
  consequent 
  clashes 
  and 
  spectacular 
  falls. 
  All 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  plaza 
  

   at 
  this 
  fair 
  is 
  devoted 
  exclusively 
  to 
  the 
  selling 
  of 
  medicinal 
  herbs. 
  

  

  July 
  25, 
  the 
  day 
  of 
  Santiago 
  Apostol, 
  patron 
  saint 
  of 
  Spain, 
  whom 
  

   the 
  Indians 
  identify 
  with 
  the 
  Thunderbolt 
  (Illapa), 
  is 
  celebrated 
  in 
  the 
  

   frontier 
  town 
  of 
  Santiago 
  Pupuja, 
  where 
  they 
  make 
  the 
  famous 
  " 
  little 
  

   bulls" 
  (very 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  Crete), 
  better 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  bulls 
  of 
  

   Pucara. 
  

  

  Almost 
  all 
  towns 
  celebrate 
  the 
  fiesta 
  of 
  Carmen 
  (on 
  July 
  16), 
  when 
  

   fairs 
  of 
  some 
  importance 
  are 
  held. 
  Somewhat 
  smaller 
  markets 
  accom- 
  

   pany 
  the 
  fiesta 
  of 
  Santiago, 
  whom 
  many 
  villages 
  consider 
  their 
  special 
  

   patron. 
  In 
  the 
  Titicaca 
  region, 
  the 
  fair 
  goes 
  from 
  Pucara 
  to 
  Pomata, 
  

   where 
  it 
  is 
  held 
  on 
  the 
  26th, 
  the 
  day 
  of 
  Santa 
  Ana, 
  and 
  journeys 
  on 
  

   until 
  it 
  arrives 
  at 
  Copacabana, 
  a 
  city 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  Lake 
  Titicaca, 
  

   in 
  Bolivian 
  territory 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  frontier. 
  There 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  best 
  attended 
  ; 
  

   in 
  normal 
  times 
  — 
  before 
  the 
  Chaco 
  war, 
  e. 
  g. 
  — 
  40,000 
  to 
  50,000 
  people 
  

   came, 
  many 
  even 
  from 
  northern 
  Argentina 
  and 
  from 
  all 
  of 
  southern 
  

   Peru. 
  It 
  lasts 
  6 
  to 
  8 
  days 
  from 
  the 
  5th 
  of 
  August, 
  and 
  the 
  transac- 
  

   tions 
  are 
  the 
  greatest 
  recorded 
  in 
  Peru 
  and 
  Bolivia. 
  

  

  Another 
  universal 
  date 
  for 
  fairs 
  is 
  the 
  15th 
  of 
  August, 
  when 
  the 
  

   Assumption 
  of 
  the 
  Virgin 
  is 
  celebrated. 
  From 
  the 
  fair 
  of 
  Tiobamba, 
  

   near 
  Cuzco, 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  Cutervo 
  in 
  northern 
  Perti 
  there 
  is 
  scarcely 
  a 
  

   populated 
  place 
  of 
  any 
  importance 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  principal 
  market 
  is 
  

   not 
  set 
  up. 
  The 
  Tiobamba 
  fair 
  sets 
  the 
  price 
  of 
  maize 
  for 
  southern 
  

   Peru. 
  In 
  Pampacuchu, 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  Sicuani, 
  the 
  fair 
  lasts 
  8 
  days, 
  but 
  

   ordinarily 
  it 
  lasts 
  only 
  3. 
  San 
  Roque, 
  on 
  August 
  16, 
  is 
  included 
  in 
  

   the 
  celebration. 
  

  

  Between 
  the 
  8th 
  and 
  14th 
  of 
  September 
  (from 
  the 
  Nativity 
  of 
  the 
  

   Virgin 
  to 
  the 
  Exaltation 
  of 
  the 
  Cross) 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  fairs 
  is 
  terminated, 
  

   though 
  some 
  run 
  between 
  these 
  dates. 
  The 
  most 
  important 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  

   Santuario 
  del 
  Sefior 
  de 
  Huanca, 
  Urubamba 
  Valley, 
  less 
  than 
  25 
  miles 
  

   (40 
  km.) 
  from 
  Cuzco. 
  Thousands 
  of 
  traders 
  attend. 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  object 
  of 
  trade 
  is 
  maize, 
  acquired 
  especially 
  by 
  purchasers 
  

   from 
  the 
  altiplano. 
  

  

  Before 
  and 
  after 
  the 
  July-September 
  period, 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  said, 
  a 
  

   great 
  many 
  fairs 
  are 
  held, 
  the 
  most 
  outstanding 
  days 
  being 
  San 
  

   Hilario 
  on 
  January 
  14, 
  the 
  Candelaria 
  on 
  Feburary 
  2, 
  Godfathers' 
  

   and 
  Godmothers' 
  on 
  Thursdays 
  in 
  February 
  and 
  March, 
  Easter 
  in 
  

   March 
  or 
  April, 
  Corpus 
  Christi 
  in 
  May 
  or 
  June, 
  the 
  day 
  of 
  San 
  Juan 
  

   Bautista 
  on 
  June 
  24, 
  the 
  fiesta 
  of 
  the 
  Virgen 
  del 
  Rosario 
  from 
  October 
  

   8 
  to 
  October 
  14 
  or 
  15, 
  the 
  Day 
  of 
  San 
  Andres 
  from 
  the 
  8th 
  to 
  the 
  11th 
  

   and 
  the 
  30th 
  of 
  November, 
  the 
  Day 
  of 
  the 
  Immaculate 
  Conception 
  

   of 
  the 
  Virgin 
  on 
  the 
  8th, 
  and 
  Christmas 
  on 
  December 
  25. 
  The 
  latter 
  

   period 
  extends 
  to 
  January 
  6, 
  the 
  Feast 
  of 
  the 
  Epiphany, 
  which 
  is 
  

   universally 
  celebrated, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  New 
  Year, 
  when 
  the 
  new 
  Indian 
  

   authorities 
  are 
  installed 
  in 
  the 
  towns 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra. 
  

  

  