﻿482 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  baskets, 
  decorated 
  gourds 
  (Lagenarias) 
  , 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  cord, 
  braid 
  and 
  

   tanned 
  skins, 
  woolen 
  and 
  straw 
  hats, 
  cheeses 
  of 
  various 
  kinds, 
  various 
  

   textiles 
  including 
  woolen 
  fabrics, 
  wooden 
  spoons, 
  halters 
  and 
  other 
  

   equipment, 
  crude 
  footwear, 
  etc. 
  

  

  The 
  "Janpi 
  Katu", 
  or 
  medicine 
  booths, 
  are 
  integral 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   ordinary 
  fairs 
  and 
  markets, 
  but, 
  in 
  addition, 
  are 
  established 
  in 
  inde- 
  

   pendent 
  stands 
  outside 
  of 
  the 
  market 
  place. 
  A 
  special 
  chapter 
  would 
  

   be 
  needed 
  to 
  enumerate 
  the 
  multitude 
  of 
  medicines, 
  which 
  include 
  

   herbs, 
  minerals, 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  bodies 
  of 
  animals 
  or 
  fetuses, 
  coca, 
  sea 
  

   shells 
  (mullu), 
  colored 
  earths, 
  etc. 
  

  

  Since 
  it 
  is 
  no 
  longer 
  possible 
  to 
  obtain 
  gold 
  and 
  silver 
  offerings, 
  

   which 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  ancient 
  rites, 
  the 
  Indian 
  now 
  uses 
  a 
  little 
  sheet 
  

   or 
  lump 
  of 
  any 
  metal. 
  They 
  buy 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  magic 
  little 
  

   figures 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  animals 
  made 
  of 
  lead 
  and 
  of 
  "berenguela" 
  stone, 
  

   principally 
  the 
  celebrated 
  "illas," 
  and 
  use 
  them 
  as 
  offerings 
  for 
  the 
  

   development 
  and 
  multiplication 
  of 
  livestock. 
  These 
  are 
  sceno- 
  

   graphic 
  sculptures, 
  on 
  which 
  appears 
  a 
  bull, 
  sheep, 
  llama, 
  or 
  alpaca, 
  

   enclosed 
  in 
  its 
  pen. 
  These 
  illas 
  have 
  come 
  to 
  replace 
  the 
  old 
  Inca 
  

   conopas. 
  

  

  Food 
  and 
  drink 
  are 
  particularly 
  essential 
  sections 
  in 
  the 
  fairs, 
  and 
  

   entice 
  the 
  Indian 
  to 
  break 
  with 
  his 
  habitual 
  frugality. 
  Ordinarily, 
  

   he 
  may 
  obtain 
  "chupi" 
  (potato 
  soup, 
  vegetables, 
  and 
  chili), 
  "uchu" 
  

   (a 
  dry 
  soup 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  culinary 
  ingredients), 
  "rojro" 
  (locro), 
  "sanku" 
  

   (sango), 
  etc. 
  The 
  maize 
  chicha 
  is 
  universal 
  throughout 
  the 
  Sierra 
  

   of 
  Peru 
  and 
  is 
  both 
  a 
  food 
  and 
  a 
  drink. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  also 
  special 
  seasonal 
  foods. 
  For 
  the 
  harvest 
  and 
  the 
  

   fiesta 
  of 
  Corpus, 
  the 
  old 
  "Inti 
  E-aymi" 
  or 
  "Pascua 
  del 
  Sol," 
  which 
  is 
  

   celebrated 
  in 
  May 
  or 
  June 
  (because 
  it 
  is 
  movable) 
  , 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  cold 
  food 
  

   called 
  "sercha 
  mastacuy." 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  Indian 
  and 
  foreign 
  

   dishes, 
  tender 
  maize, 
  stew, 
  rice, 
  tortilla, 
  pork, 
  and 
  chickpeas 
  being 
  

   mixed 
  with 
  "tarwi" 
  and 
  the 
  tender 
  flesh 
  of 
  roasted 
  rabbit. 
  During 
  

   this 
  season 
  there 
  is 
  also 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  called 
  achira, 
  a 
  

   sweet 
  and 
  very 
  appetizing 
  root 
  that 
  is 
  eaten 
  raw 
  or 
  cooked. 
  The 
  

   most 
  harmful 
  introduction 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  Conquest 
  was 
  cane 
  

   brandy, 
  which 
  intoxicates 
  the 
  Indian 
  crowds 
  at 
  their 
  fiestas 
  and 
  fairs. 
  

   Scores 
  of 
  Indians, 
  especially 
  throughout 
  the 
  altiplano, 
  are 
  victims 
  of 
  

   alcohol 
  poisoning 
  and 
  die 
  every 
  year. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  that 
  the 
  high 
  price 
  

   of 
  this 
  product 
  today 
  causes 
  it 
  to 
  be 
  adulterated 
  with 
  water, 
  which 
  

   makes 
  it 
  a 
  little 
  less 
  harmful. 
  The 
  Indian 
  makes 
  very 
  little 
  money, 
  

   and 
  at 
  fairs 
  and 
  markets 
  few 
  indeed 
  accumulate 
  a 
  capital 
  of 
  over 
  50 
  

   soles 
  (about 
  $10). 
  The 
  fact 
  is 
  that 
  money 
  does 
  not 
  yet 
  enter 
  into 
  

   their 
  economic 
  system 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  manner 
  as 
  among 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  

   population. 
  Evidently 
  the 
  Indians 
  never 
  had 
  a 
  monetary 
  system, 
  

   although 
  they 
  had 
  certain 
  products 
  which 
  served 
  as 
  money, 
  such 
  as 
  

   salt, 
  sea 
  shells, 
  copper 
  axes, 
  chili, 
  coca, 
  etc., 
  which 
  were 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  

   time 
  offered 
  for 
  sale. 
  

  

  