﻿484 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  the 
  rivers, 
  watersheds, 
  and 
  lakes, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  often 
  inaccessible 
  heights 
  

   and 
  ridges 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  From 
  the 
  fortified 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  lands 
  

   which 
  belonged 
  to 
  them, 
  they 
  kept 
  constant 
  guard. 
  The 
  Highland 
  

   dwelling 
  differed 
  little 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  in 
  capacity, 
  comfort, 
  and 
  

   architectural 
  forms, 
  except 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  always 
  built 
  of 
  stone 
  or 
  clay, 
  

   and 
  the 
  doorways 
  were 
  so 
  low 
  and 
  narrow 
  that 
  sometimes 
  they 
  could 
  

   be 
  entered 
  only 
  on 
  all 
  fours. 
  

  

  These 
  villages 
  were 
  scattered 
  along 
  the 
  Coast, 
  Sierra, 
  and 
  Montana 
  

   throughout 
  all 
  the 
  Tahuantinsuyo 
  territory. 
  In 
  them 
  developed 
  the 
  

   organization 
  of 
  the 
  social 
  nucleus, 
  the 
  ayllu. 
  The 
  ayllu 
  consisted 
  of 
  

   several 
  monogamous 
  families 
  who 
  were 
  descended 
  from 
  a 
  common 
  

   line 
  and 
  who 
  continued 
  to 
  practice 
  endogamy 
  as 
  an 
  ancestral 
  law. 
  

   Some 
  large 
  towns, 
  such 
  as 
  Cuzco, 
  Cajamarca, 
  and 
  others, 
  had 
  been 
  

   formed 
  by 
  the 
  amalgamation 
  of 
  several 
  ayllus 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  stock; 
  in 
  

   these 
  cases, 
  the 
  city 
  itself 
  acquired 
  the 
  outlines 
  of 
  the 
  communal 
  

   family 
  and 
  marriages 
  took 
  place 
  indiscriminately 
  between 
  members 
  of 
  

   the 
  same 
  or 
  of 
  different 
  ayllus. 
  When 
  a 
  town 
  had 
  two 
  ayllus, 
  they 
  

   were 
  called 
  "Hanansaya" 
  and 
  "Hurinsaya" 
  during 
  the 
  Inca 
  Period 
  * 
  

   and 
  "barrios" 
  in 
  the 
  Colonial 
  Period. 
  Through 
  this 
  relative 
  endog- 
  

   amy, 
  the 
  sociological 
  bases 
  of 
  nationality 
  in 
  the 
  old 
  Empire 
  were 
  

   formed. 
  

  

  Marriage 
  was 
  a 
  public 
  iustitution 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  woman 
  was 
  given 
  by 
  

   her 
  parents 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  intended 
  spouse, 
  in 
  return 
  for 
  the 
  payment 
  

   of 
  a 
  symbolic 
  price. 
  Under 
  the 
  Inca 
  regime, 
  the 
  union 
  was 
  authorized 
  

   and 
  solemnized 
  by 
  the 
  civil 
  authority 
  of 
  the 
  ayllu, 
  in 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  

   Emperor. 
  Only 
  one 
  wife 
  was 
  legally 
  permitted, 
  and 
  adultery 
  was 
  

   severely 
  punished. 
  

  

  Children 
  took 
  their 
  residence 
  from 
  their 
  parents, 
  i.e., 
  they 
  belonged 
  

   to 
  the 
  community 
  in 
  which 
  their 
  parents 
  had 
  fixed 
  their 
  own 
  residence. 
  

   This 
  fact 
  was 
  important 
  in 
  determining 
  who 
  would 
  in 
  the 
  future 
  render 
  

   service 
  to 
  the 
  ayllu. 
  Usually, 
  the 
  woman 
  went 
  to 
  live 
  in 
  her 
  hus- 
  

   band's 
  ayllu. 
  

  

  An 
  individual 
  had 
  the 
  right 
  to 
  acquire 
  and 
  dispose 
  of 
  only 
  personal 
  

   possessions, 
  such 
  as 
  clothing, 
  tools, 
  arms, 
  and 
  art 
  objects, 
  which 
  were 
  

   used 
  daily. 
  At 
  the 
  death 
  of 
  the 
  owner, 
  these 
  objects 
  were 
  inherited 
  

   by 
  his 
  children, 
  if 
  they 
  were 
  not 
  buried 
  with 
  the 
  body. 
  The 
  house- 
  

   hold 
  furniture, 
  the 
  house, 
  possibly 
  some 
  animals, 
  such 
  as 
  guinea 
  pigs 
  

   and 
  fowls, 
  and 
  the 
  annual 
  food 
  supply 
  formed 
  the 
  family's 
  patrimony 
  

   and 
  were 
  inalienable. 
  

  

  The 
  communal 
  village 
  in 
  Tahuantinsuyo 
  consisted 
  of 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  

   peasants 
  who 
  cultivated 
  their 
  lands, 
  and, 
  in 
  some 
  cases, 
  cared 
  for 
  and 
  

   pastured 
  their 
  flocks. 
  Large 
  groups 
  of 
  people 
  were 
  rare, 
  and 
  so 
  were 
  

   communities 
  in 
  which 
  men 
  earned 
  their 
  living 
  in 
  occupations 
  other 
  

  

  i 
  See 
  Rowe, 
  pp. 
  256-256, 
  this 
  volume, 
  for 
  further 
  discussion 
  of 
  these 
  "sections" 
  or, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  sometimes 
  

   called, 
  "moities." 
  

  

  