﻿Vol.2] 
  COMMUNITIES 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  PERU 
  — 
  CASTRO 
  POZO 
  487 
  

  

  The 
  Sun 
  and 
  the 
  Moon, 
  during 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Empire, 
  were 
  the 
  

   gods 
  worshiped 
  by 
  the 
  official 
  cult; 
  they 
  were 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  

   sacred 
  ancestors 
  of 
  the 
  Inca. 
  There 
  existed 
  other 
  religious 
  practices, 
  

   such 
  as 
  those 
  pertaining 
  to 
  the 
  Wiracocha, 
  Kon, 
  and 
  Pachacamac, 
  

   who 
  were 
  considered 
  as 
  the 
  beings 
  who 
  created 
  the 
  world, 
  plants, 
  ani- 
  

   mals, 
  and 
  men, 
  but 
  who 
  behaved 
  like 
  the 
  latter, 
  and 
  had 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   the 
  demiurgic 
  power 
  of 
  the 
  monarchical 
  divinities 
  of 
  Greek 
  mythol- 
  

   ogy; 
  the 
  worship 
  of 
  these 
  was 
  tolerated 
  by 
  the 
  Inca. 
  

  

  THE 
  AYLLU 
  DURING 
  THE 
  COLONIAL 
  PERIOD 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest 
  of 
  Tahuantinsuyo, 
  two 
  cultures 
  faced 
  

   each 
  other, 
  two 
  diametrically 
  opposed 
  economic, 
  political, 
  religious, 
  

   aud 
  social 
  ways 
  of 
  life. 
  These 
  conflicting 
  juridical 
  systems 
  could 
  not 
  

   coexist 
  in 
  the 
  legal 
  concept 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  which 
  the 
  conqueror 
  held. 
  

   The 
  Spaniard's 
  system 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  utilitarian 
  individualism, 
  and 
  his 
  

   ideal 
  — 
  not 
  to 
  mention 
  his 
  methods 
  — 
  was 
  to 
  monopolize 
  and 
  store 
  up 
  

   wealth 
  and 
  riches 
  to 
  be 
  spent 
  in 
  the 
  acquisition 
  of 
  power 
  over 
  the 
  rest 
  

   of 
  the 
  people 
  and 
  the 
  realization 
  of 
  leisure 
  for 
  the 
  pleasures 
  of 
  life. 
  

   This 
  economico-political 
  pattern 
  burst 
  upon 
  the 
  social 
  and 
  juridical 
  

   system 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  and 
  destroyed 
  its 
  well-established 
  and 
  regulated 
  

   system 
  of 
  values, 
  even 
  as 
  it 
  overthrew 
  the 
  Empire 
  and 
  deprived 
  its 
  

   men 
  of 
  all 
  they 
  possessed, 
  forcing 
  them 
  to 
  submit 
  to 
  the 
  rudest 
  

   exploitation. 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  arrived 
  in 
  the 
  New 
  World, 
  they 
  organized 
  the 
  

   institution 
  of 
  repartimiento, 
  which 
  consisted 
  of 
  the 
  appropriation 
  and 
  

   distribution 
  of 
  lands 
  and 
  Indians 
  among 
  the 
  conquerors. 
  This 
  passion 
  

   for 
  acquiring 
  wealth 
  was 
  so 
  intense 
  and 
  the 
  enonomic 
  drives 
  which 
  

   this 
  despoliation 
  created 
  were 
  so 
  strong 
  that 
  its 
  restriction 
  and 
  repres- 
  

   sion 
  by 
  Christopher 
  Columbus 
  in 
  Hispaniola 
  caused 
  the 
  first 
  disturb- 
  

   ances 
  and 
  revolts 
  among 
  the 
  Spaniards. 
  For 
  several 
  reasons, 
  the 
  

   great 
  discoverer 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  World 
  lost 
  respect 
  and 
  consideration. 
  

   Even 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Crown 
  approved 
  the 
  "repartimientos" 
  and 
  paid 
  no 
  

   attention 
  to 
  Columbus' 
  desire 
  for 
  justice. 
  

  

  The 
  repartimientos 
  in 
  Peru 
  constituted 
  the 
  first 
  onslaught 
  of 
  the 
  

   conquerors 
  against 
  the 
  goods 
  and 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  conquered 
  Empire. 
  

   The 
  expropriation 
  was 
  complete. 
  An 
  expeditionary 
  army 
  which 
  

   marched 
  to 
  conquer 
  a 
  town 
  was 
  not 
  interested 
  merely 
  in 
  land, 
  for 
  the 
  

   Spaniards 
  had 
  no 
  intention 
  of 
  dedicating 
  themselves 
  to 
  its 
  cultivation. 
  

   The 
  soldiers 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  farmers. 
  They 
  needed 
  the 
  

   men 
  whose 
  systems 
  of 
  labor 
  had 
  made 
  the 
  most 
  valuable 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  

   lands, 
  which 
  were 
  now 
  to 
  be 
  converted 
  into 
  repartimientos. 
  The 
  rural 
  

   properties 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  cult 
  of 
  the 
  Sun 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  Inca 
  Emperor, 
  

   and 
  the 
  yanaconas 
  (the 
  men 
  who, 
  during 
  the 
  Inca 
  regime, 
  had 
  worked 
  

   primarily 
  for 
  the 
  State 
  or 
  the 
  Sun) 
  who 
  lived 
  on 
  them 
  were 
  the 
  first 
  

   object 
  of 
  the 
  reparto 
  or 
  division. 
  

  

  