﻿490 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  seasonally; 
  (d) 
  that 
  often 
  the 
  Indians 
  were 
  reduced 
  in 
  new 
  towns 
  at 
  

   a 
  great 
  distance 
  from 
  their 
  original 
  marca 
  lands. 
  

  

  Taking 
  into 
  consideration 
  that 
  the 
  Indians 
  had 
  been 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   adapted 
  to 
  the 
  irregular 
  topography 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  reduc- 
  

   tions 
  were 
  made 
  without 
  regard 
  to 
  native 
  land 
  use, 
  one 
  will 
  immedi- 
  

   ately 
  perceive 
  the 
  mass 
  of 
  inconveniences 
  and 
  abuses 
  caused 
  by 
  

   bringing 
  together 
  these 
  arbitrary 
  conglomerations 
  of 
  individuals, 
  who 
  

   differed 
  so 
  in 
  their 
  modes 
  of 
  labor, 
  who 
  left 
  their 
  flocks 
  untended, 
  and 
  

   who 
  abandoned 
  their 
  crops 
  and 
  irrigation 
  works. 
  Fortunately, 
  the 
  

   curacas 
  allowed 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  dissimilar 
  groups 
  of 
  people 
  to 
  live 
  to- 
  

   gether 
  in 
  barrios, 
  or 
  quarters, 
  within 
  the 
  new 
  towns. 
  

  

  Native 
  agriculture 
  suffered 
  the 
  worst 
  break-down 
  under 
  this 
  system, 
  

   as 
  the 
  major 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  population 
  was 
  taken 
  to 
  the 
  workshops 
  and 
  

   mines. 
  The 
  irrigation 
  systems 
  deteriorated 
  and 
  disappeared, 
  and 
  

   great 
  tracts 
  of 
  land 
  reverted 
  to 
  forest 
  or 
  became 
  sterile. 
  Because 
  of 
  

   erosion 
  and 
  negligence, 
  both 
  the 
  land 
  and 
  the 
  terraces 
  have 
  been 
  lost 
  

   for 
  hundreds 
  of 
  years. 
  Where 
  the 
  ayllus 
  were 
  farthest 
  from 
  their 
  

   marcas 
  and 
  the 
  ayllu 
  members 
  could 
  not 
  for 
  one 
  reason 
  or 
  another 
  

   maintain 
  contact 
  with 
  their 
  lands, 
  they 
  lost 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  conquerors, 
  

   who 
  immediately 
  laid 
  claim 
  to 
  them 
  or 
  acquired 
  them 
  by 
  force 
  or 
  by 
  

   composition 
  (composicion) 
  from 
  the 
  Crown 
  of 
  Spain. 
  This 
  phenom- 
  

   enon 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  mita 
  (obligation 
  to 
  perform 
  community 
  

   labor) 
  and 
  yanaconas 
  (full-time 
  workers 
  for 
  the 
  State), 
  which 
  also 
  

   accompanied 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  reduction, 
  gave 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  extreme 
  poverty 
  

   of 
  certain 
  Indian 
  families 
  within 
  the 
  community, 
  although 
  all 
  members 
  

   theoretically 
  were 
  owners 
  and 
  users 
  of 
  the 
  lands 
  of 
  the 
  marca. 
  

  

  An 
  interesting 
  example 
  of 
  this 
  type 
  of 
  community, 
  of 
  which 
  there 
  

   are 
  many 
  in 
  the 
  Kepublic, 
  is 
  Santisima 
  Trinidad 
  de 
  Huafiec, 
  at 
  present 
  

   the 
  capital 
  of 
  the 
  District 
  of 
  Huafiec, 
  Province 
  of 
  Yauyos, 
  Department 
  

   of 
  Lima, 
  among 
  the 
  spurs 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  Cordillera 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  at 
  

   more 
  than 
  3,280 
  m. 
  (about 
  10,800 
  ft.) 
  above 
  sea 
  level. 
  Two 
  ayllus, 
  

   Huafiec 
  and 
  Allauca, 
  were 
  grouped 
  together 
  in 
  the 
  town 
  by 
  the 
  reduc- 
  

   tion. 
  To 
  distinguish 
  this 
  town 
  from 
  another 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  name, 
  it 
  

   is 
  called 
  Allauca 
  de 
  Huafiec. 
  The 
  families 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  ayllus 
  are 
  

   separated 
  only 
  by 
  a 
  street 
  which 
  forms 
  an 
  integral 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  town 
  

   itself. 
  The 
  town 
  divisions 
  are 
  like 
  two 
  quarters, 
  in 
  each 
  of 
  which 
  

   the 
  respective 
  ayllu 
  carries 
  on 
  autonomously 
  all 
  of 
  its 
  economic, 
  politi- 
  

   cal, 
  and 
  social 
  activities. 
  Each 
  has 
  its 
  lands, 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  members 
  

   work 
  for 
  the 
  community, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  system 
  of 
  faena, 
  or 
  faina. 
  

   Each 
  also 
  has 
  its 
  assembly, 
  its 
  public 
  place 
  in 
  which 
  this 
  functions, 
  

   its 
  churches, 
  bridges, 
  roads, 
  and 
  irrigation 
  ditches, 
  its 
  local 
  schools 
  

   in 
  which 
  it 
  takes 
  pride, 
  its 
  traditions 
  and 
  customs, 
  separate 
  titles 
  to 
  

   its 
  properties* 
  and 
  communal 
  regulations 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  submits 
  in 
  the 
  

   name 
  of 
  the 
  authority 
  of 
  its 
  ancestral 
  precepts. 
  

  

  