﻿Vol.2] 
  COMMUNITIES 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  PERU 
  — 
  CASTRO 
  POZO 
  491 
  

  

  The 
  Government 
  of 
  the 
  Republic, 
  recognizing 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  these 
  

   two 
  ayllus, 
  even 
  though 
  they 
  form 
  only 
  one 
  town 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  capital 
  

   of 
  the 
  district, 
  has 
  ordered 
  that 
  they 
  be 
  registered 
  separately. 
  

  

  Huafiec 
  has 
  368 
  inhabitants, 
  and 
  Allauca 
  has 
  only 
  250. 
  The 
  town 
  

   in 
  general 
  has 
  a 
  public 
  primary 
  school, 
  a 
  municipal 
  council 
  which 
  func- 
  

   tions 
  in 
  local 
  matters, 
  a 
  Government 
  building, 
  a 
  plaza 
  de 
  armas, 
  a 
  bul- 
  

   ring, 
  and 
  a 
  place 
  for 
  sports. 
  Both 
  ayllus, 
  by 
  agreement 
  of 
  their 
  authorl 
  

   ities, 
  have 
  disposed 
  of 
  their 
  lands 
  as 
  follows: 
  The 
  pasture 
  lands 
  are 
  

   used 
  in 
  common 
  by 
  the 
  herds 
  of 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  each 
  ayllu, 
  

   and 
  the 
  cultivated 
  lands 
  have 
  been 
  parceled 
  out 
  in 
  pieces, 
  one 
  to 
  each 
  

   and 
  every 
  head 
  of 
  a 
  family. 
  The 
  division 
  was 
  made 
  in 
  1888, 
  and 
  

   another 
  in 
  1908 
  for 
  those 
  who 
  had 
  not 
  obtained 
  land 
  in 
  the 
  first. 
  

  

  The 
  men 
  of 
  these 
  ayllus 
  have 
  adapted 
  their 
  life 
  to 
  the 
  climatic 
  and 
  

   telluric 
  factors 
  of 
  the 
  Andes. 
  Some 
  cultivate 
  the 
  sheltered 
  lands 
  

   or 
  yungas, 
  on 
  the 
  low 
  plains 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  bottoms 
  along 
  small 
  

   streams. 
  Their 
  crops 
  vary 
  with 
  the 
  climate 
  and 
  altitude, 
  maize 
  and 
  

   bananas 
  being 
  grown 
  in 
  the 
  valleys 
  and 
  barley 
  and 
  potatoes 
  near 
  the 
  

   puna 
  or 
  cold 
  plateau 
  lands 
  of 
  the 
  high 
  Andes. 
  Others 
  have 
  settled 
  in 
  

   ranches 
  on 
  the 
  plateau, 
  and 
  raise 
  llamas 
  and 
  alpacas 
  for 
  their 
  wool, 
  

   living 
  on 
  the 
  proceeds 
  of 
  this 
  occupation. 
  

  

  Both 
  communities 
  jealously 
  conserve 
  their 
  social 
  practices, 
  including 
  

   the 
  faina, 
  or 
  obligatory 
  collective 
  labor 
  performed 
  by 
  all 
  the 
  heads 
  of 
  

   families, 
  on 
  the 
  public 
  works 
  of 
  the 
  community, 
  and 
  the 
  minga, 
  

   mutual 
  help 
  in 
  private 
  work 
  and 
  in 
  marriages. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  dances 
  

   and 
  fiestas, 
  the 
  most 
  gala 
  events 
  in 
  the 
  community. 
  The 
  ceremonies 
  

   and 
  religious 
  practices 
  take 
  place 
  at 
  the 
  fiestas 
  for 
  the 
  patron 
  saint 
  or 
  

   at 
  the 
  beginning 
  and 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  harvests. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  sacrificial 
  cult, 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  Indians 
  lay 
  food 
  on 
  the 
  tombs 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  on 
  the 
  Day 
  of 
  

   Souls 
  (Dia 
  de 
  Difuntos) 
  , 
  and 
  give 
  honey 
  and 
  cakes 
  of 
  flour 
  to 
  persons 
  

   who 
  resemble 
  the 
  dead 
  on 
  the 
  condition 
  that 
  these 
  persons 
  offer 
  up 
  a 
  

   prayer 
  or 
  credo 
  for 
  the 
  soul 
  of 
  the 
  dead. 
  Finally, 
  at 
  the 
  fiesta 
  of 
  the 
  

   Santisima 
  Trinidad, 
  they 
  perform 
  the 
  popular 
  drama 
  depicting 
  the 
  

   death 
  of 
  Atahuallpa, 
  in 
  which 
  nearly 
  everyone 
  takes 
  part, 
  and, 
  dance 
  

   the 
  curious 
  dance 
  of 
  the 
  Negroes 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  "Pallas." 
  

  

  The 
  socio-economic 
  problems 
  of 
  these 
  communities 
  during 
  the 
  Col- 
  

   lonial 
  Period 
  were 
  numerous, 
  for, 
  by 
  the 
  reduction, 
  they 
  not 
  only 
  lost 
  

   a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  lands, 
  houses, 
  roads, 
  and 
  irrigation 
  works 
  and 
  ter- 
  

   races, 
  and 
  had 
  to 
  abandon 
  the 
  cultivation 
  of 
  some 
  plants, 
  but 
  they 
  

   were 
  forced 
  to 
  render 
  free 
  services 
  to 
  the 
  Spanish 
  conquerors. 
  As 
  the 
  

   reduction 
  was 
  essentially 
  inspired 
  by 
  utilitarian 
  motives 
  and 
  was 
  al- 
  

   together 
  in 
  favor 
  of 
  the 
  Spaniards, 
  the 
  latter 
  located 
  the 
  Indians 
  at 
  — 
  

   i. 
  e., 
  "reduced" 
  them 
  to 
  — 
  their 
  mines 
  and 
  farms, 
  where 
  they 
  forced 
  

   them 
  to 
  render 
  free 
  services. 
  The 
  Crown 
  of 
  Spain 
  said 
  "that 
  it 
  is 
  

   just 
  and 
  reasonable 
  that 
  the 
  Indians 
  who 
  have 
  been 
  pacified 
  and 
  

  

  