﻿492 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  reduced 
  to 
  obedience 
  and 
  vassalage 
  should 
  pay 
  tribute 
  in 
  recogni- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  our 
  dominion 
  and 
  contribute 
  service 
  such 
  as 
  subjects 
  and 
  

   vassals 
  owe, 
  for 
  they 
  have 
  also 
  among 
  themselves 
  the 
  custom 
  of 
  

   paying 
  tribute 
  to 
  their 
  tecles 
  and 
  leaders. 
  It 
  is 
  ordered 
  that 
  the 
  In- 
  

   dians 
  be 
  persuaded 
  for 
  this 
  reason 
  to 
  agree 
  to 
  some 
  tribute 
  of 
  a 
  mod- 
  

   erate 
  quantity 
  of 
  the 
  fruits 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  to 
  be 
  paid 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  and 
  in 
  

   in 
  the 
  manner 
  set 
  forth 
  in 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  this 
  section/ 
  ' 
  The 
  laws, 
  contin- 
  

   uing, 
  ordered 
  that 
  these 
  tributes 
  be 
  collected 
  by 
  the 
  conquerors, 
  to 
  

   whom, 
  legally, 
  the 
  reduced 
  Indians 
  had 
  been 
  granted 
  in 
  encomienda, 
  

   in 
  order 
  that 
  they 
  might 
  "comply 
  with 
  the 
  duties 
  with 
  which 
  they 
  

   were 
  charged." 
  (See 
  ch. 
  3, 
  bk. 
  6; 
  Law 
  1, 
  ch. 
  5, 
  bk. 
  6, 
  Recopilaci6n 
  

   de 
  Leyes 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  de 
  las 
  Indias.) 
  Because 
  of 
  this 
  tribute, 
  the 
  "reduced" 
  

   Indians 
  remained 
  in 
  veritable 
  slavery 
  or 
  economic 
  and 
  moral 
  servitude, 
  

   which 
  resulted 
  from 
  the 
  repartimiento 
  or 
  division 
  of 
  men 
  among 
  the 
  

   conquerors, 
  which, 
  after 
  all, 
  is 
  what 
  the 
  encomiendas 
  were. 
  

  

  Chapter 
  8, 
  book 
  6, 
  volume 
  2, 
  of 
  the 
  Eecopilacion 
  de 
  Leyes 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  de 
  

   las 
  Indias 
  is 
  totally 
  concerned 
  with 
  the 
  regulation 
  of 
  this 
  problem. 
  It 
  

   reveals 
  that 
  the 
  kings 
  of 
  Spain 
  authorized 
  the 
  governors, 
  adelantados, 
  

   and 
  pacifiers 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  pacification 
  should 
  be 
  finished, 
  to 
  "divide 
  

   the 
  Indians 
  among 
  the 
  neighboring 
  [Spanish] 
  inhabitants, 
  entrusting 
  

   the 
  natives 
  to 
  them 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  each 
  [Spaniard] 
  should 
  have 
  charge 
  of 
  

   those 
  who 
  had 
  been 
  on 
  his 
  repartimiento, 
  and 
  should 
  defend, 
  indoctri- 
  

   nate, 
  and 
  shelter 
  them, 
  teaching 
  them 
  how 
  to 
  live 
  in 
  good 
  order, 
  and 
  

   doing 
  whatever 
  else 
  encomenderos 
  were 
  obliged 
  to 
  do" 
  on 
  their 
  re- 
  

   spective 
  repartimientos. 
  

  

  In 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  indoctrination 
  of 
  the 
  Indians 
  was 
  the 
  

   pretext 
  for 
  the 
  repartimiento 
  and 
  encomienda, 
  the 
  Indians 
  were 
  con- 
  

   sidered 
  as 
  exploitable 
  material 
  sui-generis. 
  They 
  were 
  granted 
  to 
  the 
  

   discoverers, 
  pacifiers, 
  and 
  founders 
  of 
  towns 
  for 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  two 
  

   lives; 
  that 
  is, 
  the 
  owner 
  could 
  will 
  them 
  to 
  his 
  children 
  or 
  his 
  widow, 
  or, 
  

   lacking 
  both, 
  his 
  brother. 
  As 
  each 
  Indian 
  was 
  supposed 
  to 
  pay 
  tri- 
  

   bute 
  in 
  money 
  or 
  fruits 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  from 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  18 
  to 
  50, 
  and 
  the 
  

   tribute 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  collected 
  by 
  the 
  encomendero, 
  the 
  latter 
  could 
  profit 
  

   from 
  his 
  encomienda 
  in 
  two 
  ways. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  place, 
  he 
  collected 
  

   tribute 
  from 
  each 
  of 
  his 
  encomendados(the 
  Indians 
  of 
  his 
  encomienda) 
  

   in 
  the 
  amount 
  and 
  quality 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  settled 
  upon, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   second 
  place, 
  he 
  received 
  personal 
  services 
  from 
  them 
  and 
  appro- 
  

   priated 
  their 
  lands, 
  as 
  is 
  revealed 
  by 
  Law 
  29 
  of 
  the 
  book 
  and 
  chapter 
  

   previously 
  cited. 
  This 
  law 
  orders 
  the 
  viceroys 
  and 
  governors 
  "not 
  

   to 
  give 
  out 
  in 
  encomienda 
  the 
  property 
  of 
  Indians 
  whom 
  they 
  eject 
  

   [from 
  their 
  lands] 
  without 
  allotting 
  some 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  income 
  and 
  use 
  

   to 
  the 
  encomendero, 
  because 
  if 
  all 
  is 
  expended 
  in 
  annuities 
  (en 
  pen- 
  

   siones) 
  the 
  encomenderos 
  will 
  seek 
  to 
  derive 
  more 
  use 
  from 
  the 
  Indians 
  

   than 
  is 
  proper 
  and 
  permitted." 
  

  

  