﻿504 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  at 
  present, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  be 
  certain 
  of 
  its 
  former 
  boundaries 
  from 
  

   the 
  vague 
  and 
  scattered 
  references 
  to 
  be 
  gleaned 
  from 
  early 
  Colonial 
  

   documents. 
  In 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  regions 
  where 
  Ay 
  mar 
  a 
  was 
  formerly 
  spoken, 
  

   it 
  was 
  almost 
  certainly 
  spoken 
  as 
  a 
  second 
  language, 
  existing 
  side 
  by 
  

   side 
  with 
  one 
  or 
  several 
  local 
  languages, 
  which 
  probably 
  were 
  indepen- 
  

   dent 
  and 
  are 
  long 
  since 
  extinct. 
  Rivet, 
  following 
  brief 
  mentions 
  in 
  the 
  

   "Relaciones 
  geograficas] 
  de 
  Indias," 
  holds 
  that 
  some]Aymara 
  was 
  spoken 
  

   anciently 
  in 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  Lipes 
  and 
  Chichas 
  (southern 
  Bolivia) 
  

   and 
  in 
  Arica 
  (northern 
  Chile) 
  . 
  These 
  people 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  Ay- 
  

   mara 
  mitimaes 
  settled 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  during 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  Tupac 
  Yupan- 
  

   qui 
  (Barriga, 
  1939, 
  2:85). 
  Rivet 
  also 
  locates 
  ^4?/mara-speaking 
  people 
  

   in 
  the 
  southern 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  Departments 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  Apurimac, 
  and 
  

   Ayacucho 
  (Peru). 
  Kauki, 
  a 
  language 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  related 
  to 
  

   Aymara, 
  is 
  still 
  spoken 
  by 
  small 
  islands 
  of 
  Indians 
  in 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  

   Yauyos, 
  Canta, 
  and 
  Huarochiri 
  (Department 
  of 
  Lima, 
  Peru). 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  historic 
  subtribes 
  of 
  the 
  Aymara, 
  the 
  Canchi, 
  Cana, 
  Colla, 
  

   Collagua, 
  Ubina, 
  and 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Charca 
  and 
  Collahuaya 
  now 
  speak 
  

   Quechua. 
  Aymara 
  continues 
  to 
  be 
  spoken 
  in 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  Depart- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  Arequipa, 
  Moquegua, 
  and 
  Tacna, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  

   Puno 
  and 
  Chucuito 
  (Department 
  of 
  Puno, 
  Peru). 
  According 
  to 
  La 
  

   Barre, 
  Aymara 
  persists 
  in 
  Bolivia 
  in 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  La 
  Paz 
  in 
  the 
  

   Provinces 
  of 
  Omasuyos, 
  Ingavi, 
  Paracajes, 
  Sicasica, 
  Mufiecas, 
  Camacho, 
  

   Larecaja, 
  Los 
  Andes, 
  Murillo, 
  Loaiza, 
  the 
  western 
  portion 
  of 
  Sur 
  

   Yungas, 
  Inquisivi, 
  and 
  Caupolican; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  Oruro 
  

   in 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  Paria, 
  Carangas, 
  and 
  Charanta 
  (La 
  Barre, 
  ms.). 
  

  

  Since 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  Spaniards, 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  general 
  decrease 
  

   in 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  Aymara 
  owing 
  to 
  wars, 
  revolutions, 
  epidemics, 
  and 
  

   forced 
  labor 
  in 
  the 
  mines 
  and 
  coca 
  plantations 
  in 
  Colonial 
  times. 
  

   Forbes 
  estimated 
  the 
  Aymara 
  population 
  of 
  Peru 
  in 
  1850 
  as 
  379,884, 
  

   and 
  of 
  Bolivia 
  as 
  497,367, 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  877,251, 
  although 
  he 
  believed 
  the 
  

   correct 
  figures 
  to 
  be 
  nearer 
  750,000. 
  This 
  estimate 
  is 
  probably 
  too 
  

   generous. 
  La 
  Barre's 
  estimate 
  in 
  1935 
  of 
  600,000 
  for 
  both 
  countries 
  

   seems 
  reasonable 
  (La 
  Barre, 
  ms.). 
  The 
  latter 
  states 
  that 
  70 
  percent 
  

   of 
  the 
  Bolivian 
  Aymara 
  live 
  at 
  an 
  altitude 
  between 
  6,000 
  andl4,000 
  

   feet 
  (1,830 
  and 
  4,270 
  m.) 
  above 
  sea 
  level, 
  while 
  approximately 
  80 
  per- 
  

   cent 
  live 
  in 
  a 
  density 
  area 
  of 
  2.5 
  persons 
  per 
  square 
  mile. 
  Vazquez 
  

   de 
  Espinosa 
  presents 
  interesting 
  population 
  figures 
  for 
  the 
  Aymara 
  of 
  

   Spanish 
  provinces 
  for 
  about 
  the 
  year 
  1620 
  (Vazquez 
  de 
  Espinosa, 
  1942, 
  

   pp. 
  705-20). 
  Romero 
  presents 
  the 
  oldest 
  population 
  figures 
  available, 
  

   which 
  are 
  taken 
  from 
  tribute 
  lists 
  for 
  1591 
  (Romero, 
  1928, 
  p. 
  169), 
  

   at 
  which 
  time, 
  in 
  the 
  area 
  formerly 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  Canchi, 
  Cana, 
  

   Colla, 
  and 
  Lupaca 
  subtribes, 
  there 
  were 
  some 
  35,000 
  tributary 
  Indians, 
  

   not 
  including 
  women 
  and 
  children 
  or 
  men 
  over 
  50 
  years 
  of 
  age. 
  

  

  