﻿506 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  IB. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  famous 
  and 
  impressive 
  chullpas 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  Sillustani 
  on 
  

   Lake 
  Umayo. 
  This 
  site 
  was 
  probably 
  the 
  cemetery 
  of 
  the 
  Colla 
  

   chiefs 
  whose 
  capital 
  was 
  Hatuncolla, 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  kilometers 
  away. 
  

   Part 
  of 
  Sillustani 
  can 
  be 
  assigned 
  to 
  a 
  pre-Inca 
  Period, 
  for 
  it 
  is 
  known 
  

   that 
  the 
  Colla 
  of 
  Hatuncolla 
  were 
  defeated 
  by 
  the 
  Lupaca 
  of 
  Chucuito 
  

   and 
  their 
  town 
  destroyed 
  during 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  Emperor 
  

   Viracocha, 
  before 
  the 
  conquest 
  of 
  the 
  Collao. 
  The 
  largest 
  Sillustani 
  

   chullpas 
  are 
  round 
  or 
  square, 
  of 
  well-dressed 
  stones 
  with 
  a 
  cornice, 
  

   and 
  have 
  inner 
  vaulted 
  cores 
  of 
  adobe 
  and 
  rubble 
  (Bandelier, 
  1905, 
  

   pis. 
  10, 
  fig. 
  1; 
  11; 
  12, 
  fig. 
  1). 
  Occasionally 
  snakes 
  or 
  animals 
  are 
  

   carved 
  in 
  low 
  relief 
  on 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  dressed 
  stones. 
  The 
  walls 
  

   slope 
  outward 
  slightly 
  but 
  were 
  probably 
  not 
  carried 
  to 
  a 
  corbeled 
  

   dome. 
  The 
  roof 
  of 
  the 
  chamber 
  is 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  inner 
  core. 
  Similar 
  

   chullpas 
  of 
  dressed 
  stone 
  with 
  snakes 
  and 
  animals 
  in 
  relief 
  exist 
  at 
  

   Viscachani 
  (south 
  of 
  Pucara), 
  Paro 
  Paro 
  (northeastern 
  shore 
  of 
  Lake 
  

   Titicaca, 
  between 
  Moho 
  and 
  Vilquechico), 
  Qutimpu 
  (in 
  the 
  hills 
  

   southwest 
  of 
  Chucuito), 
  Kacha 
  Kacha 
  (between 
  Acora 
  and 
  Have) 
  

   and 
  at 
  Pirapi 
  in 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Paracajes, 
  Bolivia 
  (Posnansky, 
  1938, 
  

   figs. 
  3, 
  59-61). 
  

  

  A 
  second 
  type 
  of 
  chullpa 
  at 
  Sillustani 
  is 
  built 
  on 
  a 
  foundation 
  of 
  

   dressed 
  stone 
  with 
  inner 
  walls 
  of 
  rough 
  stone 
  and 
  outer 
  walls 
  of 
  white 
  

   clay 
  mixed 
  with 
  straw 
  (Bandelier, 
  1905, 
  pis. 
  12, 
  fig. 
  2; 
  15, 
  fig. 
  2). 
  

   Similar 
  chullpas 
  exist 
  at 
  Viscachani 
  and 
  Katati 
  (between 
  Juliaca 
  and 
  

   Lampa). 
  

  

  Other 
  types 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  northeastern 
  shores 
  of 
  Lake 
  Titicaca, 
  

   particularly 
  at 
  Quenellata 
  (Squier, 
  1877, 
  p. 
  387, 
  "Quellenata") 
  near 
  

   Vilquechico 
  and 
  at 
  Paro 
  Paro. 
  At 
  Arku 
  Punku, 
  near 
  Qutimpu, 
  are 
  

   chullpas 
  made 
  of 
  roughly 
  shaped 
  field 
  stones 
  which 
  have 
  corbeled 
  dome 
  

   roofs 
  with 
  or 
  without 
  cornices. 
  Bewteen 
  Juli 
  and 
  Pomata 
  on 
  Challa 
  

   Pampa 
  and 
  south 
  of 
  Pomata 
  on 
  Lampa 
  Kucho 
  Pampa 
  are 
  others 
  of 
  

   this 
  same 
  general 
  type. 
  

  

  Chullpa 
  sites 
  are 
  so 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Titicaca 
  Basin 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  impossi- 
  

   ble 
  to 
  enumerate 
  them 
  all. 
  It 
  is 
  highly 
  probable 
  that 
  they 
  date 
  from 
  

   various 
  periods. 
  In 
  most 
  cases 
  not 
  enough 
  work 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  to 
  

   place 
  them 
  chronologically 
  with 
  accuracy, 
  and 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  

   found 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  is 
  still 
  unindentifiable. 
  At 
  Sillustani 
  and 
  Qut- 
  

   impu, 
  however, 
  almost 
  no 
  Cuzco 
  Inca 
  sherds 
  have 
  appeared, 
  nor 
  is 
  

   there 
  any 
  evidence 
  of 
  Decadent 
  Tiahuanaco 
  culture. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  

   hand, 
  extensive 
  work 
  at 
  Arku 
  Punku 
  shows 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  Inca 
  

   pottery 
  mixed 
  with 
  local 
  contemporary 
  styles 
  (Tschopik, 
  M. 
  H., 
  Some 
  

   Notes, 
  n. 
  d.). 
  Thus 
  it 
  seems 
  fair 
  to 
  assume 
  that 
  chullpas 
  were 
  erected 
  

   for 
  a 
  considerable 
  period 
  before 
  the 
  Inca 
  conquered 
  the 
  Aymara 
  and 
  

   continued 
  to 
  be 
  built 
  under 
  Inca 
  domination. 
  

  

  Apart 
  from 
  burial 
  in 
  chullpas, 
  other 
  interments 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  a 
  

   variety 
  of 
  underground 
  cists 
  or 
  graves. 
  Graves 
  marked 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  

  

  