﻿508 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  The 
  chiefs 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  states, 
  Zapana 
  at 
  Hatuncolla 
  and 
  Cari 
  at 
  

   Chucuito, 
  were 
  deadly 
  rivals, 
  although 
  the 
  latter 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  had 
  

   the 
  upper 
  hand. 
  When, 
  during 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  Emperor 
  Vira- 
  

   cocha 
  (about 
  1430), 
  the 
  Inca 
  began 
  to 
  push 
  southward, 
  absorbing 
  the 
  

   Canchi 
  and 
  the 
  Cana, 
  Cari 
  and 
  Zapana 
  both 
  sent 
  envoys 
  to 
  the 
  Emper- 
  

   or, 
  asking 
  for 
  his 
  friendship. 
  The 
  Emperor 
  decided 
  to 
  ally 
  himself 
  

   with 
  Cari, 
  whereupon 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  attacked 
  by 
  Zapana, 
  who 
  was 
  

   then 
  defeated 
  and 
  killed, 
  and 
  Hatuncolla 
  sacked 
  by 
  the 
  Lupaca. 
  

   When 
  the 
  Emperor 
  arrived, 
  he 
  was 
  not 
  overpleased 
  with 
  Cari's 
  victory, 
  

   as 
  he 
  had 
  planned 
  to 
  play 
  one 
  chief 
  against 
  the 
  other. 
  An 
  alliance 
  

   between 
  the 
  Emperor 
  and 
  the 
  Lupaca 
  was, 
  however, 
  confirmed 
  in 
  

   Chucuito. 
  

  

  Hearing 
  of 
  unrest 
  in 
  the 
  Collao 
  and 
  dissatisfied 
  with 
  alliances, 
  

   Emperor 
  Pachacuti 
  (1438-71) 
  sent 
  an 
  expedition 
  which 
  conquered 
  

   the 
  Colla 
  and 
  Lupaca 
  early 
  in 
  his 
  reign; 
  subsequently, 
  he 
  personally 
  

   put 
  down 
  a 
  rebellion 
  in 
  Ayaviri 
  and 
  conquered 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  Omasuyu, 
  

   Bolivia. 
  Late 
  in 
  his 
  reign, 
  while 
  Pachacuti 
  was 
  invading 
  the 
  Antis, 
  

   centers 
  of 
  Collao 
  rebellion 
  developed 
  at 
  Hatuncolla, 
  Chucuito, 
  and 
  

   Azangaro, 
  and 
  fortifications 
  were 
  built 
  at 
  Asillo, 
  Arapa, 
  and 
  at 
  Pucara. 
  

  

  The 
  Collao 
  revolt 
  was 
  finally 
  crushed 
  by 
  Tupac 
  Yupanqui 
  (1471- 
  

   93), 
  who 
  pursued 
  the 
  rebellious 
  Lupaca 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Rio 
  Desaguadero, 
  

   where 
  peace 
  was 
  made. 
  The 
  Inca 
  then 
  went 
  on 
  to 
  conquer 
  the 
  other 
  

   Aymara 
  subtribes, 
  and 
  Aymara 
  territory 
  was 
  garrisoned 
  by 
  Inca 
  

   troops. 
  Colonists 
  from 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Empire 
  were 
  settled 
  there, 
  

   while 
  many 
  Aymara 
  were 
  sent 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  Coast 
  and 
  jungle 
  to 
  culti- 
  

   vate 
  tropical 
  products 
  for 
  the 
  Collao. 
  The 
  Collao, 
  however, 
  remained 
  

   subject 
  to 
  their 
  former 
  chiefs, 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  dynasties 
  per- 
  

   sisted. 
  Hatuncolla 
  was 
  made 
  a 
  center 
  of 
  Inca 
  administration. 
  

   Roads 
  and 
  rest 
  houses 
  (tambos) 
  were 
  constructed 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   Inca 
  system, 
  and 
  temples 
  were 
  built 
  on 
  the 
  Island 
  of 
  the 
  Sun 
  and 
  

   elsewhere. 
  During 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  Huayna 
  Capac 
  (1493-1527), 
  Aymara 
  

   troops 
  fought 
  in 
  the 
  Inca 
  army, 
  although 
  under 
  their 
  own 
  leaders. 
  

   In 
  the 
  civil 
  war 
  between 
  Huascar 
  and 
  Atahuallpa, 
  the 
  Aymara 
  re- 
  

   mained 
  loyal 
  to 
  the 
  former. 
  

  

  The 
  Spanish 
  Conquest. 
  — 
  Expeditions 
  of 
  reconnaissance 
  in 
  the 
  

   Collao 
  preceded 
  actual 
  conquest, 
  as 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  had 
  been 
  told 
  in 
  

   Cuzco 
  about 
  Lake 
  Titicaca 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  of 
  an 
  island 
  in 
  it 
  with 
  a 
  

   large 
  temple 
  covered 
  with 
  gold. 
  Diego 
  de 
  Aguero 
  and 
  Pedro 
  Mar- 
  

   tinez 
  de 
  Moguer 
  were 
  commissioned 
  in 
  1533 
  to 
  explore 
  the 
  Collao. 
  

   They 
  returned 
  after 
  40 
  days 
  and 
  reported 
  that 
  although 
  the 
  country 
  

   was 
  cold 
  and 
  remote 
  from 
  the 
  sea, 
  it 
  was 
  densely 
  populated. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  important 
  military 
  expedition 
  into 
  Aymara 
  territory 
  was 
  

   undertaken 
  by 
  Diego 
  de 
  Almagro 
  in 
  1535. 
  The 
  way 
  was 
  paved 
  for 
  

   the 
  conquest 
  by 
  the 
  puppet 
  ruler, 
  Manco 
  Inca, 
  who 
  sent 
  his 
  brother, 
  

  

  