﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  AYMARA 
  — 
  TSCHOPIK 
  509 
  

  

  Paullo, 
  and 
  three 
  Spanish 
  soldiers 
  into 
  central 
  Bolivia 
  via 
  the 
  royal 
  

   road. 
  Later, 
  Captain 
  Savaadra 
  with 
  150 
  Spaniards 
  followed 
  and 
  

   were 
  joined 
  somewhat 
  later 
  by 
  Almagro 
  himself 
  with 
  more 
  troops. 
  

   Indians 
  for 
  the 
  expedition 
  were 
  procured 
  by 
  cruel 
  press-gang 
  methods, 
  

   and 
  many 
  died 
  on 
  the 
  journey, 
  leaving 
  a 
  bad 
  impression 
  of 
  the 
  Span- 
  

   iards 
  throughout 
  the 
  region. 
  Almagro's 
  expedition 
  finally 
  reached 
  

   the 
  Chilean 
  coast 
  at 
  Copiapo. 
  

  

  Meanwhile, 
  Manco 
  Inca, 
  assisted 
  by 
  Aymara 
  troops 
  under 
  Llicllic, 
  

   had 
  laid 
  siege 
  to 
  Cuzco. 
  Almagro 
  returned 
  from 
  Chile 
  in 
  time 
  to 
  

   raise 
  the 
  siege, 
  only 
  to 
  be 
  defeated 
  by 
  Francisco 
  Pizarro's 
  troops 
  in 
  

   1538. 
  After 
  the 
  defeat 
  of 
  Manco, 
  the 
  Lupaca 
  asserted 
  their 
  inde- 
  

   pendence 
  and 
  attacked 
  their 
  old 
  enemies, 
  the 
  Colla, 
  who 
  appealed 
  to 
  

   the 
  Spaniards 
  for 
  help. 
  Hernando 
  Pizarro, 
  with 
  mixed 
  Spanish 
  and 
  

   Indian 
  forces, 
  defeated 
  the 
  Aymara, 
  and 
  marched 
  across 
  Bolivia 
  to 
  

   Cochabamba, 
  receiving 
  the 
  submission 
  of 
  the 
  Indians 
  along 
  the 
  way. 
  

   After 
  an 
  unsuccessful 
  revolt, 
  the 
  Indians 
  of 
  Cochabamba 
  were 
  finally 
  

   crushed. 
  By 
  1542 
  the 
  Viceroy 
  alty 
  of 
  Peru 
  included 
  all 
  Aymara 
  ter- 
  

   ritory, 
  from 
  Ayaviri 
  to 
  Caracolla. 
  

  

  The 
  Colonial 
  Period. 
  — 
  Next 
  to 
  gold, 
  the 
  chief 
  interest 
  of 
  the 
  

   Spaniards 
  was 
  in 
  Christianizing 
  the 
  Indians; 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  

   Aymara 
  were 
  conquered 
  more 
  by 
  the 
  Dominican 
  fathers 
  than 
  by 
  

   Spanish 
  soldiers. 
  The 
  first 
  Dominican 
  missionary 
  in 
  Aymara 
  territory 
  

   was 
  Fray 
  Tomas 
  de 
  San 
  Martin, 
  who 
  arrived 
  in 
  Chucuito 
  in 
  1539. 
  

   By 
  1550 
  monasteries 
  and 
  houses 
  of 
  this 
  Order 
  were 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  Aymara 
  towns 
  around 
  Lake 
  Titicaca. 
  An 
  immediate 
  attempt 
  

   was 
  made 
  to 
  stamp 
  out 
  idolatry, 
  the 
  methods 
  employed 
  being 
  so 
  

   stringent 
  that 
  the 
  formal 
  temple 
  cults 
  were 
  exterminated 
  early 
  in 
  

   Colonial 
  times. 
  But, 
  failing 
  to 
  understand 
  the 
  new 
  religion 
  which 
  

   had 
  been 
  thrust 
  upon 
  them, 
  the 
  Aymara 
  secretly 
  kept 
  up 
  their 
  former 
  

   religious 
  practices. 
  The 
  exploitation 
  of 
  the 
  Indians 
  enriched 
  the 
  Dom- 
  

   inican 
  missions 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  that 
  other 
  sects 
  became 
  jealous. 
  

   On 
  the 
  pretext 
  that 
  they 
  had 
  exacted 
  excessive 
  tribute 
  from 
  the 
  

   Indians, 
  the 
  Dominicans 
  were 
  expelled 
  by 
  a 
  decree 
  of 
  Viceroy 
  Toledo 
  

   to 
  make 
  room 
  for 
  the 
  Jesuits 
  and 
  other 
  orders. 
  

  

  The 
  Colony 
  attained 
  its 
  golden 
  age 
  under 
  the 
  Jesuits, 
  who 
  officially 
  

   arrived 
  in 
  the 
  Colla© 
  in 
  1577. 
  The 
  rich 
  Spanish 
  cities, 
  particularly 
  

   Chucuito 
  and 
  Juli, 
  were 
  rivaled 
  only 
  by 
  Cuzco 
  and 
  Lima 
  in 
  their 
  

   splendor, 
  and 
  many 
  great 
  churches 
  were 
  built. 
  Although 
  the 
  sup- 
  

   pression 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  religion 
  proceeded 
  unabated, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  

   sources 
  on 
  Aymara 
  language 
  and 
  customs, 
  namely 
  those 
  of 
  Bertonio 
  

   and 
  Cobo, 
  were 
  written 
  by 
  Jesuits 
  during 
  the 
  early 
  17th 
  century. 
  

   The 
  Jesuits, 
  however, 
  became 
  too 
  influential 
  and 
  controlled 
  the 
  

   greater 
  part 
  of 
  both 
  the 
  lands 
  and 
  the 
  capital 
  of 
  the 
  Colony. 
  In 
  1767, 
  

   after 
  two 
  centuries 
  of 
  domination, 
  they 
  were 
  expelled 
  from 
  America 
  

   by 
  Charles 
  III. 
  

  

  