﻿520 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Rats 
  and 
  mice 
  in 
  storehouses 
  are^poisoned 
  with 
  ground 
  waxanqa 
  

   (a 
  root 
  not 
  yet 
  identified) 
  mixed 
  with 
  quinoa 
  dough. 
  Foxes 
  are 
  

   occasionally 
  killed 
  with 
  poisoned 
  meat 
  (Bolivia). 
  

  

  Viscachas 
  and 
  foxes 
  are 
  smoked 
  out 
  of 
  their 
  holes 
  and 
  killed 
  with 
  

   sticks. 
  Wild 
  guinea 
  pigs 
  are 
  flooded 
  from 
  their 
  holes 
  and 
  taken 
  in 
  

   sacks 
  (La 
  Barre, 
  ms.). 
  In 
  Bolivia, 
  pumas 
  are 
  killed 
  with 
  sling- 
  

   stones, 
  and 
  foxes 
  are 
  hunted 
  with 
  bolas. 
  

  

  Both 
  bird 
  pests 
  and 
  edible 
  wild 
  doves 
  are 
  taken 
  in 
  a 
  pit 
  trap, 
  with 
  

   grain 
  for 
  bait 
  and 
  a 
  flat 
  stone 
  lid 
  held 
  on 
  edge 
  by 
  a 
  stick 
  delicately 
  

   set 
  (fig. 
  44, 
  h). 
  When 
  the 
  birds 
  are 
  inside, 
  the 
  string 
  attached 
  to 
  this 
  

   stick 
  is 
  pulled 
  by 
  a 
  person 
  concealed 
  at 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  field. 
  

  

  Tinamous 
  coming 
  to 
  small 
  water 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  pampa 
  to 
  drink 
  are 
  

   caught 
  in 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  small 
  nooses 
  suspended 
  from 
  a 
  cord 
  stretched 
  

   between 
  grass 
  clumps 
  around 
  the 
  water. 
  No 
  bait 
  is 
  used. 
  In 
  

   Bolivia, 
  these 
  birds 
  are 
  also 
  driven 
  into 
  nets 
  (La 
  Barre, 
  ms.). 
  

  

  Ducks, 
  grebes, 
  and 
  gallinules 
  are 
  also 
  taken 
  with 
  nooses, 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  strung 
  at 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  several 
  inches 
  between 
  two 
  clumps 
  

   of 
  totora 
  reeds. 
  

  

  Ducks 
  are 
  lured 
  into 
  the 
  totora 
  marshes 
  by 
  imitating 
  the 
  whistle 
  

   of 
  the 
  flightless 
  grebe 
  (no 
  instruments 
  are 
  used) 
  and 
  by 
  making 
  swish- 
  

   ing 
  noises 
  with 
  the 
  hand 
  in 
  the 
  water. 
  Then 
  they 
  are 
  killed 
  with 
  

   slingstones, 
  poles, 
  or 
  bolas. 
  Occasionally, 
  they 
  are 
  taken 
  with 
  the 
  

   big 
  fish 
  net, 
  which 
  is 
  hung 
  over 
  clumps 
  of 
  reeds 
  and 
  pulled 
  down 
  upon 
  

   the 
  ducks 
  when 
  they 
  swim 
  in. 
  

  

  Little 
  ritual 
  is 
  associated 
  with 
  hunting. 
  The 
  fertility 
  and 
  rain 
  

   ceremony 
  (coqela 
  rite) 
  portrays 
  a 
  vicuna 
  hunt, 
  but 
  is 
  now 
  asso- 
  

   ciated 
  with 
  agriculture 
  (see 
  p. 
  567). 
  The 
  Bolivian 
  Aymara 
  believe 
  

   in 
  a 
  benevolent 
  spirit 
  of 
  the 
  pampa 
  who 
  owns 
  all 
  the 
  animals 
  and 
  

   often 
  takes 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  condor. 
  The 
  vicuna 
  is 
  his 
  beast 
  of 
  burden 
  

   and 
  the 
  fox 
  his 
  dog 
  (Paredes, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  40). 
  

  

  Domesticated 
  animals. 
  — 
  The 
  aggregate 
  of 
  domesticated 
  animals 
  

   varies 
  regionally. 
  7 
  Few 
  llamas 
  are 
  kept 
  in 
  the 
  towns 
  on 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  

   Lake 
  Titicaca 
  unless 
  they 
  are 
  situated 
  on 
  large 
  plains. 
  Away 
  from 
  

   the 
  lake 
  shore, 
  the 
  Indians 
  specialize 
  in 
  breeding 
  llamas, 
  alpacas 
  

   (also 
  crossbreeds 
  of 
  these), 
  and 
  sheep. 
  On 
  the 
  high 
  pampa, 
  where 
  

   it 
  is 
  too 
  cold 
  even 
  for 
  Uamas, 
  only 
  alpacas 
  are 
  raised. 
  Pigs 
  are 
  kept 
  

   for 
  meat 
  and 
  lard, 
  cattle 
  for 
  milk 
  and 
  for 
  plow 
  animals, 
  and 
  sheep 
  for 
  

   wool, 
  meat, 
  hides, 
  and 
  occasionally 
  milk. 
  Guinea 
  pigs 
  are 
  commonly 
  

   raised 
  for 
  food. 
  Chickens 
  are 
  common, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  regions 
  pigeons 
  

   are 
  kept. 
  Donkeys 
  are 
  numerous, 
  but 
  horses 
  are 
  rare. 
  In 
  general, 
  

   animals 
  are 
  treated 
  kindly. 
  Not 
  many 
  kinds 
  of 
  pets 
  are 
  kept, 
  al- 
  

   though 
  dogs 
  and 
  cats 
  are 
  universal. 
  

  

  i 
  Although 
  Chucuito 
  (Peru) 
  is 
  not 
  primarily 
  a 
  stock 
  raising 
  community, 
  a 
  typical 
  wealthy 
  Aymara 
  of 
  

   this 
  town 
  owns 
  1 
  horse, 
  4 
  cows, 
  5 
  pigs, 
  and 
  15 
  sheep; 
  a 
  typical 
  "middle-class"<4tfwiara 
  owns 
  1 
  llama, 
  15 
  sheep 
  

   and 
  8 
  pigs; 
  a 
  typical 
  poor 
  Aymara 
  owns 
  8 
  sheep 
  and 
  3 
  pigs. 
  These 
  three 
  individuals 
  are 
  the 
  same 
  ones 
  

   whose 
  landholdings 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  section 
  on 
  Farming 
  (p. 
  514). 
  

  

  