﻿528 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  peeled. 
  White 
  chunu 
  is 
  made 
  from 
  common 
  chunu 
  by 
  placing 
  it 
  in 
  

   running 
  water 
  for 
  a 
  month. 
  In 
  parts 
  of 
  Bolivia, 
  potatoes 
  are 
  boiled 
  

   and 
  dried. 
  

  

  Seed 
  potatoes 
  are 
  stored 
  in 
  crude 
  stone 
  bins 
  lined 
  with 
  straw 
  and 
  

   an 
  herb 
  (muna) 
  which 
  keeps 
  them 
  from 
  spoiling. 
  Potatoes 
  to 
  be 
  

   eaten 
  are 
  stored 
  in 
  large, 
  striped 
  sacks 
  of 
  llama 
  wool. 
  

  

  Grain 
  is 
  sacked 
  or 
  stored 
  in 
  large, 
  uncovered 
  cylinders 
  made 
  of 
  

   totora 
  mats 
  set 
  on 
  rawhides 
  spread 
  out 
  on 
  the 
  floor. 
  

  

  Dried 
  and 
  salted 
  meat 
  is 
  stored 
  in 
  small, 
  roofless, 
  dry-stone 
  houses 
  

   and 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  thick 
  layer 
  of 
  dry 
  grass. 
  

  

  HOUSES 
  AND 
  VILLAGES 
  

  

  Villages. 
  — 
  True 
  town 
  life 
  seems 
  not 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  typical 
  of 
  the 
  

   majority 
  of 
  the 
  Aymara. 
  Although 
  no 
  reliable 
  figures 
  are 
  available, 
  

   the 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  population 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  lived 
  in 
  family 
  groups 
  

   scattered 
  in 
  the 
  ayllus 
  of 
  each 
  town. 
  (See 
  Social 
  Organization, 
  p. 
  539.) 
  

   At 
  the 
  present 
  time, 
  most 
  Aymara 
  live 
  the 
  year 
  round 
  in 
  the 
  ayllus 
  

   and 
  come 
  into 
  the 
  towns 
  only 
  for 
  fiestas 
  and 
  for 
  trade. 
  There 
  are, 
  

   however, 
  exceptions: 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  Kollana 
  (near 
  La 
  Paz) 
  are 
  

   urban, 
  but 
  go 
  out 
  daily 
  to 
  their 
  fields 
  (Posnansky, 
  1938, 
  p. 
  23). 
  In 
  

   some 
  regions, 
  the 
  Aymara 
  live 
  in 
  towns, 
  but 
  occupy 
  houses 
  near 
  their 
  

   fields 
  during 
  the 
  agricultural 
  season. 
  

  

  Most 
  towns 
  are 
  divided 
  not 
  into 
  ayllus 
  but 
  into 
  localized 
  moieties. 
  

   (See 
  Social 
  Organization, 
  p. 
  541.) 
  Kollana 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  excep- 
  

   tional 
  in 
  that 
  each 
  of 
  its 
  moieties 
  is 
  subdivided 
  into 
  four 
  ayllus. 
  

  

  In 
  aboriginal 
  times, 
  as 
  today, 
  the 
  towns 
  were 
  the 
  ceremonial 
  and 
  

   administrative 
  centers. 
  According 
  to 
  Cieza, 
  the 
  more 
  important 
  

   towns 
  of 
  the 
  Aymara 
  States 
  were 
  as 
  follows: 
  The 
  State 
  of 
  Cana 
  had 
  

   Cacha, 
  Hatuncana, 
  and 
  Ayaviri; 
  Colla 
  had 
  Hatuncolla 
  and 
  Nicasio; 
  

   Lupaca 
  had 
  Chucuito 
  and 
  Juli; 
  Pacasa 
  had 
  Guaqui 
  and 
  Chuquiapa; 
  

   and 
  Charca 
  had 
  Chuquisaca 
  (Cieza 
  de 
  Le6n, 
  1924, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  chs. 
  98-106). 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  some 
  evidence 
  that 
  town 
  life 
  was 
  a 
  late 
  development 
  among 
  

   the 
  Aymara. 
  Tradition 
  states 
  that 
  Cari, 
  chief 
  of 
  Chucuito, 
  founded 
  

   all 
  the 
  known 
  Lupaca 
  towns 
  (Acora, 
  Have, 
  Juli, 
  Pomata, 
  Zepita) 
  as 
  

   late 
  as 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  Emperor 
  Viracocha. 
  Archeological 
  

   evidence 
  at 
  Chucuito 
  indicates 
  that 
  this 
  important 
  town 
  was 
  built 
  

   under 
  Inca 
  influence 
  if 
  not 
  under 
  actual 
  Inca 
  domination 
  (Tschopik, 
  

   M. 
  H., 
  Inca 
  Uyu, 
  ms.). 
  

  

  Present-day 
  villages 
  are 
  built 
  around 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  plazas 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  markets 
  and 
  fiestas 
  are 
  held. 
  The 
  streets 
  are 
  narrow 
  and 
  lined 
  

   with 
  walled 
  house 
  compounds. 
  Within 
  these 
  compounds 
  in 
  both 
  the 
  

   towns 
  and 
  the 
  ayllus, 
  the 
  housing 
  arrangement 
  follows 
  the 
  same 
  

   general 
  pattern. 
  (See 
  Houses, 
  below.) 
  Little 
  information 
  is 
  available 
  

   concerning 
  aboriginal 
  town 
  planning. 
  Most 
  towns 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  had 
  

  

  