﻿534 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  a 
  following 
  wind. 
  Sail 
  balsas 
  are 
  supplied 
  with 
  shelters 
  made 
  of 
  reed 
  

   mats 
  placed 
  over 
  a 
  bent-pole 
  frame. 
  Anchors 
  are 
  large 
  stones 
  either 
  

   perforated 
  or 
  grooved 
  around 
  the 
  middle. 
  Balsas 
  are 
  anchored 
  with 
  

   the 
  nose 
  into 
  the 
  wind 
  to 
  prevent 
  water 
  from 
  splashing 
  over 
  the 
  low 
  

   sides. 
  

  

  MANUFACTUKES 
  

  

  Basketry. 
  — 
  Coiled 
  basketry 
  is 
  occasionally 
  manufactured 
  by 
  

   women. 
  In 
  the 
  regions 
  of 
  Moho 
  and 
  Yunguyo 
  in 
  Peru, 
  coiled 
  baskets 
  

   are 
  undecorated 
  and 
  are 
  roughly 
  hemispherical. 
  The 
  coils 
  are 
  sewed 
  

   to 
  a 
  radiating 
  splint 
  foundation 
  on 
  the 
  interior 
  surface. 
  The 
  baskets 
  

   have 
  a 
  grass-bundle 
  foundation 
  sewed 
  with 
  a 
  fine, 
  three-ply 
  grass 
  

   braid; 
  they 
  are 
  worked 
  on 
  the 
  exterior 
  surface 
  to 
  the 
  right 
  of 
  the 
  

   worker. 
  

  

  Shallow 
  wicker 
  trays 
  are 
  manufactured 
  today, 
  but 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  Span- 
  

   ish 
  introduction. 
  Decorated 
  splint 
  trinket 
  baskets 
  are 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  

   neighborhood 
  of 
  Copacabana, 
  but 
  do 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  aboriginal 
  

   (La 
  Barre, 
  ms.). 
  

  

  Weaving. 
  — 
  Many 
  textiles 
  in 
  local 
  styles 
  are 
  woven 
  by 
  the 
  Aymara. 
  

   Although 
  either 
  sex 
  may 
  weave 
  on 
  the 
  horizontal 
  peg 
  loom, 
  men 
  make 
  

   bayeta 
  for 
  clothing 
  on 
  a 
  European 
  treadle 
  loom, 
  while 
  belt 
  weaving 
  is 
  

   usually 
  woman's 
  task. 
  

  

  Cotton 
  and 
  all 
  available 
  types 
  of 
  wool 
  (llama, 
  alpaca, 
  vicuna, 
  sheep) 
  

   are 
  spun. 
  In 
  parts 
  of 
  Bolivia, 
  yarn 
  for 
  knitting 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  spun 
  

   from 
  the 
  down 
  of 
  waterfowl 
  (Forbes, 
  1870, 
  p. 
  70). 
  Only 
  very 
  dirty 
  

   wool 
  is 
  washed, 
  for 
  this 
  knots 
  the 
  fibers. 
  As 
  no 
  technique 
  for 
  carding 
  

   is 
  known, 
  wool 
  is 
  usually 
  dyed 
  after 
  being 
  spun. 
  A 
  variety 
  of 
  min- 
  

   eral 
  and 
  vegetable 
  dyes 
  are 
  prepared, 
  some 
  with 
  urine 
  as 
  a 
  mordant. 
  

  

  Both 
  sexes 
  spin. 
  The 
  spindle 
  has 
  an 
  unnotched 
  wooden 
  shaft 
  and 
  

   a 
  wooden 
  whorl 
  which 
  is 
  trapezoidal 
  in 
  cross 
  section 
  or 
  a 
  biconical 
  

   pottery 
  whorl. 
  A 
  larger 
  spindle 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  multiple-ply 
  thread. 
  The 
  

   shaft, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  the 
  end 
  resting 
  in 
  a 
  small 
  pottery 
  bowl, 
  is 
  

   twisted 
  with 
  the 
  fingers; 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  rotated 
  on 
  the 
  thigh. 
  

  

  No 
  broadloom 
  fabrics 
  are 
  made. 
  Wide 
  textiles, 
  such 
  as 
  ponchos 
  

   and 
  carrying 
  cloths, 
  are 
  made 
  in 
  two 
  halves 
  and 
  sewed 
  together. 
  The 
  

   loom 
  is 
  horizontal, 
  tied 
  to 
  four 
  short 
  pegs 
  set 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  (pi. 
  105, 
  

   center 
  j 
  right). 
  The 
  thick 
  shed 
  stick 
  is 
  of 
  wood 
  or 
  cane; 
  sheds 
  are 
  

   changed 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  bar 
  heddle 
  laced 
  to 
  alternate 
  warp 
  threads. 
  

   The 
  shuttle 
  is 
  a 
  long, 
  thin 
  stick 
  around 
  which 
  the 
  weft 
  is 
  wound 
  

   lengthwise. 
  After 
  the 
  weft 
  has 
  been 
  shot 
  and 
  drawn 
  tight, 
  a 
  sword 
  

   is 
  inserted 
  through 
  the 
  shed 
  and 
  pulled 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  cloth, 
  

   and 
  the 
  weft 
  is 
  beaten 
  down 
  with 
  a 
  heavy 
  llama-bone 
  awl. 
  As 
  the 
  

   heddle 
  is 
  pulled 
  up, 
  the 
  web 
  is 
  beaten 
  lightly 
  with 
  the 
  fist 
  to 
  change 
  

   the 
  shed. 
  When 
  the 
  textile 
  is 
  nearly 
  completed, 
  a 
  strip 
  is 
  woven 
  at 
  the 
  

  

  