﻿536 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  into 
  strips 
  and 
  made 
  into 
  two-ply 
  rawhide 
  ropes 
  and 
  lassos. 
  Tough 
  

   hide 
  from 
  the 
  neck 
  of 
  a 
  llama 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  soles 
  of 
  sandals. 
  

  

  Pottery. 
  — 
  Most 
  potters 
  are 
  men, 
  although 
  women 
  assist 
  and 
  make 
  

   bowls. 
  Pottery 
  forms 
  include 
  ollas 
  with 
  small 
  strap 
  handles, 
  jugs, 
  

   chicha 
  jars, 
  basins, 
  parching 
  trays, 
  bowls 
  with 
  characteristic 
  low 
  ring 
  

   bases, 
  and 
  cups. 
  The 
  cooking 
  stove 
  is 
  also 
  of 
  pottery. 
  

  

  The 
  clay 
  is 
  ground 
  on 
  a 
  metate, 
  mixed 
  with 
  water 
  and 
  sand 
  temper, 
  

   and 
  kneaded 
  with 
  the 
  feet. 
  To 
  construct 
  an 
  olla, 
  a 
  pat 
  of 
  clay 
  is 
  

   beaten 
  into 
  a 
  concave 
  disk 
  and 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  flat 
  pottery 
  support. 
  The 
  

   walls 
  are 
  built 
  up 
  of 
  concentric 
  fillets 
  of 
  paste 
  rolled 
  out 
  between 
  the 
  

   palms 
  (pi. 
  105, 
  bottom, 
  right). 
  As 
  the 
  vessel 
  grows, 
  it 
  is 
  scraped 
  with 
  

   potsherds 
  and 
  smoothed 
  with 
  a 
  damp 
  rag. 
  When 
  completed, 
  it 
  is 
  

   allowed 
  to 
  dry 
  in 
  the 
  shade, 
  after 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  slip 
  and 
  is 
  

   painted. 
  

  

  Pigments 
  are 
  ground 
  with 
  a 
  cobble 
  on 
  a 
  flat 
  stone 
  slab 
  and 
  mixed 
  

   with 
  water 
  in 
  small 
  bowls. 
  The 
  slip 
  is 
  orange; 
  designs 
  are 
  red 
  and 
  

   white. 
  Black 
  paint, 
  manufactured 
  in 
  Colonial 
  times, 
  is 
  no 
  longer 
  

   employed. 
  The 
  slip 
  is 
  patted 
  on 
  with 
  a 
  rag; 
  designs 
  are 
  applied 
  with 
  

   a 
  brush 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  stick 
  to 
  which 
  hairs 
  from 
  a 
  llama's 
  breast 
  

   are 
  tied 
  and 
  comprise 
  either 
  simple 
  geometric 
  (cross-hatching, 
  zigzag) 
  

   or 
  conventionalized 
  naturalistic 
  (birds, 
  fish, 
  plants, 
  stars) 
  figures. 
  

   After 
  being 
  slipped 
  and 
  painted, 
  the 
  vessels 
  are 
  stone 
  polished. 
  

  

  Pots 
  are 
  fired 
  on 
  a 
  windy 
  hilltop 
  in 
  a 
  ring 
  of 
  dry 
  manure, 
  surrounded 
  

   by 
  stones. 
  They 
  are 
  inverted, 
  but 
  not 
  supported, 
  and 
  loosely 
  covered 
  

   with 
  manure 
  during 
  the 
  burning. 
  Grass 
  between 
  the 
  vessels 
  serves 
  as 
  

   kindling. 
  

  

  Cracked 
  vessels 
  are 
  wrapped 
  with 
  wet 
  rawhide 
  or 
  are 
  perforated 
  

   and 
  lashed 
  together 
  with 
  cordage. 
  

  

  Gourds. 
  — 
  Although 
  gourds 
  are 
  not 
  grown 
  on 
  the 
  altiplano, 
  a 
  few 
  

   are 
  obtained 
  by 
  trade 
  from 
  the 
  regions 
  of 
  Cuzco 
  and 
  Cochabamba 
  

   in 
  Bolivia. 
  Some 
  are 
  incised 
  in 
  a 
  two-color 
  cameo 
  technique 
  (La 
  

   Barre, 
  ms.). 
  Undecorated 
  gourds, 
  cut 
  in 
  halves, 
  are 
  used 
  occasion- 
  

   ally 
  as 
  food 
  vessels, 
  drinking 
  cups, 
  and 
  receptacles 
  for 
  the 
  blood 
  of 
  

   sacrificed 
  animals. 
  

  

  Woodworking. 
  — 
  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  general 
  lack 
  of 
  trees 
  on 
  the 
  altiplano, 
  

   woodworking 
  is 
  restricted 
  in 
  distribution. 
  Keros, 
  double 
  vessels, 
  

   and 
  bowls 
  with 
  oxen 
  carved 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  are 
  used 
  ritually. 
  Large 
  

   wooden 
  spoons 
  and 
  ladles 
  are 
  employed 
  in 
  preparing 
  food, 
  and 
  small 
  

   wooden 
  bowls 
  are 
  occasionally 
  used 
  as 
  food 
  containers. 
  Most 
  ar- 
  

   ticles 
  of 
  wood 
  are 
  obtained 
  by 
  trade 
  from 
  the 
  Quechua, 
  from 
  the 
  

   Aymara 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  forested 
  regions 
  north 
  of 
  Lake 
  Titicaca, 
  and 
  

   from 
  Cochabamba. 
  

  

  Mining 
  and 
  metallurgy. 
  — 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  mines 
  in 
  use 
  today 
  were 
  

   worked 
  in 
  pre-Spanish 
  times. 
  Gold, 
  silver, 
  copper, 
  and 
  tin 
  were 
  

  

  