﻿552 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  into 
  a 
  crude 
  effigy 
  of 
  himself, 
  and 
  placed 
  in 
  his 
  house. 
  The 
  mourners 
  

   and 
  their 
  assistants 
  purify 
  themselves, 
  the 
  house, 
  and 
  the 
  deceased's 
  

   clothing 
  in 
  the 
  smoke 
  of 
  herbs 
  and 
  aji. 
  Then 
  the 
  house 
  is 
  ritually 
  

   cleansed 
  by 
  an 
  old 
  man 
  or 
  woman 
  who 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  family 
  member 
  or, 
  

   sometimes, 
  by 
  a 
  magician 
  (paqo), 
  after 
  which 
  there 
  is 
  more 
  feasting 
  

   and 
  dancing. 
  

  

  Mourning 
  lasts 
  a 
  year, 
  during 
  which 
  remarriage 
  is 
  prohibited. 
  The 
  

   house 
  is 
  not 
  abandoned 
  after 
  death, 
  nor 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  deceased 
  

   tabooed. 
  While 
  mourning, 
  the 
  widow 
  or 
  widower 
  should 
  behave 
  in 
  an 
  

   exemplary 
  manner 
  and 
  show 
  no 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  opposite 
  sex. 
  

  

  After 
  a 
  year, 
  a 
  mourning 
  anniversary 
  is 
  held. 
  Today 
  it 
  coincides 
  

   with 
  the 
  fiesta 
  of 
  Todos 
  Santos. 
  Mourning 
  dress 
  is 
  resumed 
  and 
  

   food 
  offerings 
  made 
  to 
  the 
  deceased. 
  Among 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  Ay 
  mar 
  a, 
  

   this 
  rite 
  is 
  observed 
  for 
  three 
  successive 
  years, 
  after 
  which 
  the 
  soul 
  of 
  

   the 
  deceased 
  is 
  said 
  never 
  to 
  return 
  to 
  earth. 
  

  

  Stillborn 
  infants 
  or 
  miscarried 
  or 
  aborted 
  fetuses 
  are 
  not 
  buried 
  

   but 
  are 
  burned 
  or 
  thrown 
  into 
  Lake 
  Titicaca 
  or 
  into 
  a 
  river. 
  Small 
  

   children 
  and 
  babies 
  receive 
  a 
  special 
  and 
  less 
  elaborate 
  funeral 
  than 
  

   adults, 
  wherein 
  mourning 
  clothes 
  are 
  not 
  worn 
  nor 
  animals 
  sacrificed. 
  

   The 
  bodies 
  are 
  interred 
  at 
  night 
  with 
  miniature 
  offerings. 
  Chil- 
  

   dren's 
  funerals 
  are 
  not 
  considered 
  sad 
  but 
  are 
  followed 
  by 
  feasting, 
  

   drinking, 
  and 
  dancing. 
  

  

  Unusual 
  deaths 
  entail 
  special 
  treatment. 
  The 
  corpses 
  of 
  women 
  

   who 
  die 
  in 
  childbirth, 
  witches 
  (laiqa), 
  and 
  suicides 
  are 
  buried 
  face 
  

   down. 
  The 
  souls 
  of 
  drowned 
  men 
  are 
  thought 
  to 
  wander 
  forever 
  

   along 
  rivers. 
  

  

  Soul 
  concepts 
  are 
  confused. 
  The 
  soul 
  and 
  ghost 
  are 
  not 
  clearly 
  

   differentiated, 
  although 
  in 
  general 
  the 
  ghost 
  is 
  feared 
  while 
  the 
  soul 
  is 
  

   not. 
  The 
  soul 
  may 
  leave 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  a 
  living 
  person 
  and 
  be 
  lost 
  or 
  

   kidnaped. 
  It 
  survives 
  after 
  death 
  when 
  the 
  deceased 
  is 
  furnished 
  a 
  

   llama 
  to 
  serve 
  him 
  as 
  pack 
  animal. 
  Aboriginal 
  beliefs 
  about 
  the 
  

   afterworld 
  have 
  not 
  survived. 
  It 
  is 
  thought 
  that 
  the 
  soul 
  returns 
  to 
  

   its 
  former 
  habitat 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  to 
  protect 
  its 
  living 
  relatives 
  or 
  

   to 
  punish 
  them 
  if 
  they 
  merit 
  it 
  (Paredes, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  211-12). 
  Ghosts 
  

   are 
  feared 
  and 
  may 
  appear 
  to 
  the 
  living 
  as 
  corpses 
  or 
  dogs. 
  Des- 
  

   iccated 
  human 
  flesh 
  from 
  old 
  graves 
  is 
  sometimes 
  eaten 
  when 
  pres- 
  

   cribed 
  by 
  a 
  doctor 
  (qolasiri) 
  as 
  a 
  prophylactic 
  against 
  ghosts 
  and 
  

   sickness 
  caused 
  by 
  ghosts. 
  

  

  The 
  Aymara 
  formerly 
  interred 
  at 
  least 
  their 
  chiefs 
  and 
  important 
  

   persons 
  in 
  chullpas. 
  These 
  burial 
  towers, 
  which 
  were 
  usually 
  located 
  

   on 
  hills 
  near 
  the 
  towns, 
  were 
  square 
  or 
  round, 
  made 
  of 
  dressed 
  stone 
  

   or 
  of 
  stone 
  and 
  adobe, 
  and 
  variously 
  roofed. 
  (See 
  Archeology, 
  p. 
  505.) 
  

  

  Cieza 
  describes 
  the 
  burial 
  of 
  a 
  chief 
  which 
  he 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  Colla 
  

   town 
  of 
  Nicasio 
  (Cieza 
  de 
  Leon, 
  1924, 
  pp. 
  315-18). 
  The 
  relatives 
  of 
  

   the 
  deceased 
  assembled, 
  bringing 
  all 
  kinds 
  of 
  food, 
  while 
  many 
  llamas 
  

  

  