﻿554 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Children 
  or 
  young 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  sex 
  have 
  informal 
  foot 
  races. 
  

   Kelay 
  races 
  are 
  not 
  run. 
  Girls 
  and 
  boys 
  wrestle, 
  although 
  without 
  

   special 
  rules. 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  adult 
  game 
  is 
  riddles, 
  two 
  individuals 
  or 
  teams 
  competing. 
  

   A 
  person 
  unable 
  to 
  guess 
  the 
  answer 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  perform 
  some 
  ridicu- 
  

   lous 
  act 
  as 
  a 
  penalty. 
  At 
  Callapa 
  and 
  Calacota 
  (Bolivia), 
  the 
  two 
  

   moieties 
  have 
  wrestling 
  contests 
  in 
  which 
  contestants 
  try 
  to 
  throw 
  or 
  

   push 
  their 
  opponents 
  outside 
  a 
  ring 
  drawn 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  (La 
  Barre, 
  

   ms.). 
  

  

  Dances. 
  — 
  More 
  has 
  been 
  published 
  on 
  dances 
  than 
  perhaps 
  any 
  

   other 
  aspect 
  of 
  Aymara 
  culture. 
  La 
  Barre 
  describes 
  and 
  summarizes 
  

   important 
  dances 
  of 
  the 
  Bolivian 
  Aymara 
  and 
  presents 
  a 
  bibliography 
  

   (La 
  Barre, 
  ms.). 
  Nearly 
  all 
  Church 
  fiestas, 
  weddings, 
  funerals, 
  rites 
  

   for 
  a 
  new 
  house, 
  harvest, 
  and 
  the 
  mating 
  and 
  shearing 
  of 
  llamas 
  are 
  

   occasions 
  for 
  dancing. 
  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  fertility 
  ceremonial 
  

   (6oqela) 
  held 
  after 
  harvest 
  and 
  the 
  rain 
  ceremony, 
  dancing 
  today 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  recreational 
  (pi. 
  108, 
  top). 
  Although 
  specific 
  data 
  are 
  lack- 
  

   ing, 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  important 
  pre-Spanish 
  public 
  fiestas 
  were 
  fixed 
  

   according 
  to 
  the 
  agricultural 
  calendar 
  as 
  among 
  the 
  Inca. 
  Cieza 
  men- 
  

   tions 
  an 
  important 
  festival 
  at 
  the 
  potato 
  harvest; 
  today, 
  agriculture 
  

   continues 
  to 
  be 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  chief 
  focal 
  points 
  of 
  ceremonial 
  activity. 
  

   Dancing 
  is 
  invariably 
  accompanied 
  by 
  instrumental 
  music 
  and 
  by 
  

   drinking. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  present 
  time, 
  dance 
  costumes 
  and 
  paraphernalia 
  are 
  largely 
  

   of 
  Mestizo 
  origin. 
  Costumes 
  are 
  often 
  of 
  velvet 
  decorated 
  with 
  metal 
  

   threads, 
  braid, 
  mirrors, 
  and 
  glass 
  beads. 
  The 
  masks 
  commonly 
  worn 
  

   by 
  clowns 
  and 
  "devils" 
  are 
  probably 
  of 
  Spanish 
  origin. 
  They 
  are 
  

   usually 
  manufactured 
  of 
  plaster. 
  Some 
  aboriginal 
  features 
  in 
  present- 
  

   day 
  dance 
  paraphernalia 
  seem 
  to 
  lack 
  any 
  esoteric 
  significance. 
  

   Among 
  them 
  may 
  be 
  mentioned 
  fox 
  and 
  vicuna 
  skins, 
  jaguar 
  kilts 
  or 
  

   shoulder 
  ponchos, 
  slings, 
  and 
  colored 
  yarn 
  tassels 
  carried 
  in 
  the 
  hand. 
  

   In 
  the 
  fertility 
  ceremonial 
  (coqela) 
  (pi. 
  112), 
  fur 
  masks 
  are 
  worn 
  

   which 
  are 
  said 
  by 
  some 
  to 
  represent 
  spirits. 
  These 
  are 
  not 
  kept 
  secret 
  

   from 
  the 
  women 
  and 
  children. 
  (See 
  Religion, 
  p. 
  567.) 
  Feather 
  dance 
  

   diadems 
  are 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Bertonio 
  (1879 
  b), 
  and 
  feather 
  accessories 
  to 
  

   various 
  dance 
  costumes 
  are 
  in 
  common 
  use 
  today. 
  One 
  dance 
  (p'uli) 
  

   involves 
  wings 
  made 
  of 
  green 
  parrot 
  feathers 
  sewed 
  on 
  cloth. 
  Such 
  

   featherwork 
  is 
  obtained 
  by 
  trade 
  from 
  the 
  jungle. 
  In 
  general, 
  feathers 
  

   are 
  not 
  used 
  in 
  ceremonialism 
  and 
  have 
  no 
  ritual 
  significance. 
  

  

  The 
  dance 
  groups 
  seem 
  to 
  perform 
  no 
  esoteric 
  rites. 
  Bandelier 
  

   states 
  that 
  they 
  possessed 
  differentiated 
  functions 
  such 
  as 
  hunting, 
  

   rain 
  making, 
  war, 
  and 
  others 
  (Bandelier, 
  1910, 
  p. 
  123), 
  but 
  the 
  Peru- 
  

   vian 
  Aymara 
  give 
  no 
  evidence 
  for 
  such 
  an 
  assumption. 
  

  

  Dance 
  groups 
  are 
  organized 
  primarily 
  along 
  friendship 
  and 
  family 
  

   lines, 
  and 
  secondarily, 
  by 
  moieties 
  or 
  ayllus. 
  In 
  Chucuito, 
  these 
  

  

  