﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  THE 
  AYMARA 
  — 
  TSCHOPIK 
  571 
  

  

  who 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  who 
  opposed 
  polygamy 
  and 
  chicha 
  

   (Paredes, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  21-40). 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  fragmentary 
  legends, 
  the 
  various 
  ayllus 
  

   emerged 
  from 
  caves, 
  mountain 
  peaks, 
  lakes, 
  and 
  rivers. 
  Myths 
  

   trace 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  Aymara 
  to 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  The 
  origin 
  

   of 
  the 
  chullpas 
  is 
  today 
  explained 
  in 
  a 
  legend 
  that 
  men 
  originally 
  

   lived 
  in 
  darkness. 
  Because 
  a 
  diviner 
  foretold 
  the 
  coming 
  of 
  the 
  sun, 
  

   the 
  people 
  built 
  houses 
  with 
  the 
  doors 
  to 
  the 
  east; 
  when 
  the 
  sun 
  rose, 
  

   they 
  perished. 
  In 
  one 
  version 
  of 
  this 
  myth, 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  cultivated 
  

   plants 
  is 
  attributed 
  to 
  the 
  chullpa 
  people 
  (Bandelier, 
  ms.). 
  

  

  Various 
  allusions 
  are 
  made 
  to 
  a 
  period 
  when 
  the 
  earth 
  was 
  flooded; 
  

   a 
  flood 
  legend 
  is 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Cieza 
  de 
  Le6n 
  (1932, 
  p. 
  314). 
  Accord- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  one 
  version, 
  Snake 
  and 
  Frog 
  fought 
  for 
  the 
  supremacy 
  of 
  the 
  

   world 
  when 
  the 
  earth 
  was 
  covered 
  by 
  water. 
  The 
  sun 
  intervened, 
  

   dried 
  up 
  the 
  water, 
  and 
  returned 
  the 
  earth 
  to 
  mankind. 
  

  

  Many 
  myths 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  natural 
  phenomena. 
  One 
  

   states 
  that 
  the 
  sun 
  rose 
  out 
  of 
  Lake 
  Titicaca 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  mother 
  of 
  the 
  

   sun 
  was 
  Mama 
  Ocllo. 
  Another 
  legend 
  tells 
  of 
  a 
  combat 
  between 
  the 
  

   sun 
  and 
  the 
  moon 
  (Bandelier, 
  1910, 
  p. 
  315), 
  while 
  still 
  another 
  relates 
  

   that 
  the 
  moon 
  is 
  wife 
  of 
  the 
  sun 
  and 
  the 
  stars 
  are 
  his 
  children. 
  Hail, 
  

   ice, 
  and 
  wind 
  are 
  said 
  originally 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  three 
  lazy 
  brothers 
  who 
  

   refused 
  to 
  tend 
  their 
  fields. 
  In 
  another 
  myth, 
  the 
  Morning 
  and 
  Eve- 
  

   ning 
  Stars, 
  who 
  were 
  brother 
  and 
  sister, 
  fled 
  from 
  their 
  grandmother 
  

   after 
  eating 
  the 
  seed 
  potatoes 
  she 
  gave 
  them 
  to 
  plant. 
  The 
  sun 
  pun- 
  

   ished 
  them 
  by 
  turning 
  them 
  into 
  stars 
  and 
  placing 
  them 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  

   might 
  never 
  see 
  each 
  other 
  again. 
  

  

  Fragments 
  of 
  historical 
  tales 
  about 
  the 
  Inca 
  survive, 
  but 
  are 
  highly 
  

   garbled 
  and 
  combined 
  with 
  supernatural 
  allusions. 
  Although 
  some 
  

   of 
  these 
  mention 
  Manco 
  Capac, 
  most 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  Inca 
  conquest 
  

   of 
  the 
  Collao. 
  

  

  Many 
  animal 
  tales 
  are 
  related, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  appearing 
  to 
  be 
  abo- 
  

   riginal, 
  although 
  some 
  have 
  familiar 
  Aesop 
  motives. 
  Human 
  charac- 
  

   ters 
  appear 
  in 
  these 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  animals, 
  the 
  latter 
  assuming 
  human 
  form 
  

   for 
  purposes 
  of 
  deception. 
  Most 
  tales 
  deal 
  with 
  Fox 
  but 
  may 
  include 
  

   other 
  mammals, 
  birds, 
  fish, 
  frogs, 
  and 
  snakes. 
  Fox 
  is 
  portrayed 
  as 
  a 
  

   comical 
  character, 
  a 
  trickster 
  who 
  is 
  invariably 
  outwitted 
  and 
  usually 
  

   meets 
  a 
  tragic 
  end. 
  In 
  a 
  typical 
  tale, 
  Fox 
  steals 
  Gull's 
  children 
  and 
  

   hides 
  them 
  in 
  a 
  bundle 
  on 
  his 
  back. 
  When 
  he 
  leaves 
  the 
  bundle 
  while 
  

   looking 
  for 
  food, 
  Gull 
  recovers 
  the 
  children 
  and 
  fills 
  the 
  bundle 
  with 
  

   thorns. 
  Fox, 
  enraged 
  by 
  the 
  trick, 
  attempts 
  to 
  reach 
  Gull 
  by 
  drinking 
  

   Lake 
  Titicaca 
  dry 
  and 
  explodes. 
  

  

  LORE 
  AND 
  LEARNING 
  

  

  As 
  an 
  agricultural 
  people 
  the 
  Aymara 
  pay 
  considerable 
  attention 
  to 
  

   meteorological 
  phenomena. 
  The 
  east 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  ceremo- 
  

  

  