﻿578 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  They 
  do 
  little 
  hunting 
  of 
  land 
  animals, 
  but 
  they 
  may 
  lasso 
  the 
  head 
  

   male 
  of 
  a 
  herd 
  of 
  vicuna 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  driven 
  from 
  the 
  heights 
  by 
  the 
  

   cold 
  of 
  winter, 
  then 
  club 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  herd. 
  

  

  Herding. 
  — 
  The 
  Uru 
  have 
  a 
  few 
  livestock 
  — 
  sheep, 
  cows, 
  and 
  occa- 
  

   sional 
  llamas 
  — 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  restricted 
  in 
  number 
  by 
  the 
  scant 
  pasture 
  

   on 
  the 
  mainland. 
  The 
  cattle 
  are 
  usually 
  half- 
  wild 
  and 
  forage 
  in 
  the 
  

   swamps, 
  eating 
  the 
  succulent 
  reed 
  stalks 
  and 
  roots. 
  The 
  Uru 
  have 
  

   dogs, 
  guinea 
  pigs, 
  chickens, 
  and 
  pigs; 
  the 
  last 
  are 
  kept 
  in 
  mud 
  sties 
  or 
  

   allowed 
  to 
  wander 
  through 
  the 
  village. 
  

  

  Farming. 
  — 
  Maize 
  will 
  not 
  grow 
  in 
  this 
  infertile 
  and 
  cold 
  region, 
  

   which 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  12,000 
  feet 
  (3,600 
  m.) 
  above 
  sea 
  level; 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  

   bitter 
  potatoes 
  and 
  some 
  quinoa 
  are 
  cultivated. 
  

  

  Food 
  preparation. 
  — 
  The 
  few 
  potatoes 
  cultivated 
  are 
  frozen 
  and 
  

   dried 
  to 
  make 
  chufiu. 
  Women 
  grind 
  quinoa 
  with 
  a 
  long, 
  flat, 
  stone 
  

   muller 
  on 
  a 
  stone 
  metate 
  which 
  slants 
  outward 
  from 
  their 
  laps, 
  then 
  

   toast 
  it 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  nourishing 
  powder 
  (pitu). 
  The 
  succulent 
  white 
  

   root 
  of 
  the 
  totora 
  reed 
  is 
  eaten 
  raw. 
  Shrimplike 
  crustaceans 
  from 
  the 
  

   river 
  are 
  toasted. 
  

  

  Beer 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  quinoa 
  and, 
  when 
  they 
  can 
  get 
  it, 
  of 
  maize, 
  which 
  

   they 
  chew 
  into 
  chicha. 
  

  

  Like 
  all 
  the 
  altiplano 
  peoples, 
  the 
  Uru 
  chew 
  coca. 
  

  

  HOUSES 
  

  

  Most 
  Uru 
  houses 
  have 
  an 
  oval 
  ground 
  plan, 
  but 
  some 
  are 
  rectangu- 
  

   lar. 
  The 
  walls 
  are 
  built 
  of 
  rectangular 
  turf 
  blocks 
  laid 
  in 
  horizontal 
  

   courses, 
  much 
  as 
  the 
  ancient 
  chullpas, 
  or 
  grave-houses, 
  the 
  outer 
  wall 
  

   often 
  plastered 
  with 
  adobe. 
  The 
  entrance 
  always 
  faces 
  east 
  and 
  is 
  

   closed 
  at 
  night 
  by 
  a 
  thick 
  door 
  made 
  of 
  bunches 
  of 
  totora 
  reeds 
  placed 
  

   vertically 
  and 
  joined 
  together 
  at 
  intervals 
  by 
  double 
  horizontal 
  cords 
  

   in 
  twined 
  technique. 
  The 
  roof 
  framework 
  is 
  of 
  sticks 
  or 
  of 
  reed 
  

   bundles; 
  the 
  main 
  ridge 
  of 
  the 
  roof 
  arches 
  east 
  and 
  west, 
  with 
  stick 
  

   or 
  reed-bundle 
  purlins 
  resting 
  on 
  this 
  ridge 
  and 
  the 
  side 
  walls. 
  This 
  

   framework 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  reed 
  mats 
  (pi. 
  113, 
  top, 
  left) 
  — 
  single 
  totora 
  

   stalks 
  twined 
  at 
  intervals 
  with 
  grass 
  cord. 
  Grass 
  ropes 
  are 
  laid 
  over 
  

   the 
  mats 
  and 
  tied 
  to 
  pegs 
  in 
  the 
  outside 
  wall. 
  The 
  fire 
  in 
  the 
  mud 
  

   stove 
  to 
  the 
  right 
  inside 
  the 
  door 
  speedily 
  coats 
  the 
  roof 
  with 
  soot 
  and 
  

   makes 
  it 
  waterproof. 
  Greasebrush 
  (tola), 
  chunks 
  of 
  a 
  woody 
  semi- 
  

   subterranean 
  plant 
  (yareta), 
  and 
  llama 
  dung 
  — 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  wood 
  

   in 
  this 
  treeless 
  region 
  — 
  serve 
  as 
  fuel. 
  Some 
  smaller 
  Uru 
  shelters 
  have 
  

   a 
  corbeled 
  turf 
  dome 
  instead 
  of 
  a 
  frame 
  with 
  mat 
  thatching. 
  The 
  

   Sojopaca 
  Uru 
  build 
  temporary 
  shelters 
  of 
  mud, 
  "like 
  beavers," 
  similar 
  

   to 
  the 
  domed 
  houses 
  of 
  the 
  islet 
  of 
  Simillaque. 
  On 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Panza 
  

   there 
  are 
  round, 
  stone-roofed 
  houses. 
  

  

  