﻿582 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  14S 
  

  

  the 
  Aymara, 
  the 
  Uru 
  distinguish 
  siblings 
  terminologically 
  according 
  

   to 
  age. 
  

  

  Marriage 
  is 
  now 
  solemnized, 
  if 
  at 
  all, 
  with 
  a 
  Catholic 
  ritual 
  led 
  by 
  

   a 
  priest 
  who 
  yearly 
  visits 
  the 
  village. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  tradition 
  that 
  for- 
  

   merly 
  couples 
  were 
  married 
  while 
  standing 
  back 
  to 
  back 
  in 
  the 
  water 
  

   of 
  the 
  lake. 
  Postmarital 
  residence 
  is 
  patrilocal. 
  Although 
  Polo 
  (1901) 
  

   states 
  that 
  the 
  Uru 
  were 
  formerly 
  endogamous, 
  a 
  shortage 
  of 
  women 
  

   during 
  recent 
  years 
  has 
  led 
  men 
  to 
  take 
  Aymara 
  wives. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  Uru 
  ever 
  had 
  a 
  tribal 
  chieftain, 
  he 
  has 
  long 
  since 
  been 
  for- 
  

   gotten. 
  Today, 
  they 
  have 
  the 
  typical 
  altiplano 
  Dative 
  hilakata, 
  or 
  

   alcalde, 
  appointed 
  or 
  elected 
  yearly. 
  Squabbles 
  with 
  Aymara 
  neigh- 
  

   bors 
  are 
  led 
  by 
  this 
  official. 
  

  

  RELIGION 
  

  

  The 
  Uru 
  worship 
  Pachamama, 
  the 
  earth 
  goddess, 
  and 
  perhaps 
  also 
  

   a 
  place-deity 
  of 
  the 
  swamp, 
  although 
  they 
  are 
  nominally 
  Catholic 
  

   and 
  have 
  a 
  small 
  mud 
  church 
  in 
  their 
  village. 
  Like 
  the 
  Aymara, 
  they 
  

   believe 
  in 
  dream 
  interpretation, 
  in 
  meteorological 
  signs, 
  and 
  in 
  taking 
  

   omens. 
  Their 
  sacrifices 
  of 
  alcohol, 
  coca 
  leaves, 
  and 
  animals 
  to 
  their 
  

   deities 
  are 
  very 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Aymara, 
  Bertonio 
  (1879 
  b), 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  lists 
  several 
  ancient 
  Uru 
  dances 
  which 
  have 
  disappeared 
  since 
  

   the 
  17th 
  century: 
  the 
  huchhu 
  or 
  sisa 
  quirkitha, 
  and 
  the 
  chiy-chiy, 
  

   in 
  which 
  bags 
  are 
  held 
  in 
  the 
  hand. 
  

  

  The 
  main 
  Uru 
  fiesta 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  vernal 
  equinox, 
  but 
  has 
  been 
  changed 
  

   from 
  the 
  23d 
  to 
  the 
  14th 
  of 
  September 
  to 
  coincide 
  with 
  the 
  Christian 
  

   feast 
  of 
  the 
  Exaltation. 
  On 
  this 
  date, 
  they 
  blow 
  panpipes 
  (siku), 
  

   sing 
  and 
  dance 
  the 
  mimule, 
  and 
  perform 
  the 
  ancient 
  rite 
  of 
  blood- 
  

   sacrifice 
  (wilancha) 
  by 
  slaughtering 
  a 
  llama 
  and 
  smearing 
  the 
  blood 
  

   near 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  each 
  hut. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  Uru 
  beliefs 
  and 
  cere- 
  

   monies 
  are 
  clearly 
  from 
  the 
  Aymara, 
  

  

  Most 
  Uru-Chipaya 
  folklore 
  is 
  similarly 
  of 
  the 
  common 
  Aymara 
  

   stock 
  of 
  animal 
  tricksters. 
  

  

  THE 
  CHIPAYA 
  

  

  The 
  Chipaya 
  of 
  Carangas 
  (Bolivia) 
  are 
  linguistically 
  identical 
  with 
  

   the 
  Uru 
  of 
  the 
  Rio 
  Desaguadero 
  but 
  differ 
  somewhat 
  from 
  them 
  in 
  

   culture, 
  though 
  retaining 
  in 
  common 
  certain 
  ancient 
  features. 
  Where- 
  

   as 
  the 
  Uru 
  are 
  chiefly 
  a 
  fishing 
  and 
  hunting 
  people, 
  the 
  Chipaya 
  are 
  

   chiefly 
  pastoral 
  and 
  practice 
  a 
  little 
  agriculture. 
  

  

  CULTURE 
  

   SUBSISTENCE 
  ACTIVITIES 
  

  

  The 
  Chipaya, 
  like 
  many 
  pastoral 
  peoples, 
  dislike 
  to 
  kill 
  their 
  animals, 
  

   and 
  they 
  eat 
  llama 
  flesh 
  only 
  when 
  these 
  are 
  ritually 
  slaughtered 
  at 
  

   public 
  fiestas 
  or 
  important 
  private 
  rites. 
  Curiously, 
  the 
  Chipaya 
  do 
  

  

  