﻿584 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  paper. 
  Llama 
  foetuses 
  are 
  burned 
  in 
  her 
  honor, 
  and 
  whenever 
  an 
  

   Indian 
  drinks 
  he 
  makes 
  a 
  libation 
  for 
  her. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  feast, 
  the 
  

   Indians 
  kiss 
  the 
  earth 
  to 
  show 
  their 
  devotion 
  to 
  her. 
  

  

  The 
  maXku, 
  next 
  in 
  importance, 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  whitewashed 
  

   cones 
  of 
  sod 
  3 
  to 
  4% 
  feet 
  (1 
  to 
  1.50 
  m.) 
  tall, 
  set 
  on 
  low 
  platforms 
  in 
  

   isolated 
  and 
  secret 
  spots 
  about 
  10 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  village. 
  Each 
  moiety- 
  

   has 
  its 
  own 
  maXku 
  which 
  are 
  worshiped 
  on 
  fixed 
  dates. 
  

  

  The 
  moiety 
  samiri 
  are 
  calcareous 
  stones 
  of 
  irregular 
  shape 
  which 
  

   are 
  kept 
  in 
  a 
  stone-lined 
  pit 
  in 
  the 
  desert, 
  hidden 
  under 
  a 
  yareta 
  plant. 
  

  

  The 
  cult 
  of 
  the 
  maXku 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  samiri 
  follow 
  the 
  same 
  

   pattern. 
  

  

  Every 
  feast 
  is 
  sponsored 
  by 
  an 
  alferez 
  and 
  his 
  wife, 
  who 
  are 
  the 
  

   masters 
  of 
  ceremony. 
  The 
  high 
  point 
  is 
  the 
  sacrifice 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  

   animals 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  Chipaya 
  depend 
  for 
  their 
  subsistence: 
  a 
  llama, 
  

   a 
  sheep, 
  and 
  a 
  pig. 
  The 
  officiating 
  priest 
  is 
  a 
  yatiri 
  — 
  a 
  man 
  who 
  knows 
  

   the 
  religious 
  prayers 
  and 
  how 
  to 
  prepare 
  the 
  libations 
  to 
  be 
  offered. 
  

   The 
  blood 
  of 
  the 
  victims 
  is 
  mixed 
  with 
  flours 
  made 
  of 
  various 
  kinds 
  

   of 
  maize 
  and 
  cast 
  to 
  the 
  four 
  directions. 
  What 
  is 
  left 
  is 
  poured 
  on 
  the 
  

   cones 
  or 
  samiri 
  stones. 
  

  

  The 
  libations 
  are 
  prepared 
  in 
  small 
  cupulae 
  and 
  in 
  small 
  bottles, 
  

   which 
  are 
  lined 
  up 
  in 
  a 
  set 
  order. 
  Their 
  formulae 
  are 
  complicated 
  and 
  

   include 
  a 
  great 
  many 
  magic 
  ingredients 
  (chicha, 
  "sevarios," 
  that 
  is, 
  

   mineral 
  powders 
  of 
  various 
  colors, 
  herbs, 
  turquoise 
  beads, 
  gold 
  and 
  

   silver 
  paper, 
  etc.). 
  The 
  content 
  of 
  each 
  cupula 
  is 
  poured 
  separately 
  

   with 
  prayers 
  to 
  the 
  Saints, 
  the 
  maXku, 
  and 
  Pachamama. 
  Grease 
  

   balls, 
  with 
  plants 
  stuck 
  in 
  them, 
  and 
  candies 
  are 
  buried 
  for 
  Pach- 
  

   amama. 
  Khoa, 
  an 
  odiferous 
  resinous 
  plant, 
  is 
  burned 
  in 
  special 
  

   incense 
  burners. 
  Other 
  objects 
  such 
  as 
  grass 
  bundles 
  decorated 
  with 
  

   ceremonial 
  slings, 
  eggs, 
  wreaths 
  made 
  of 
  sliced 
  fruits, 
  and 
  bread 
  and 
  

   cheese 
  are 
  displayed 
  by 
  the 
  alferez 
  and 
  carried 
  during 
  the 
  dances. 
  The 
  

   prayers 
  and 
  the 
  material 
  symbols 
  always 
  express 
  the 
  longing 
  for 
  fertil- 
  

   ity, 
  for 
  water, 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  multiplication 
  of 
  the 
  herds. 
  The 
  prayers, 
  

   though 
  directed 
  to 
  pagan 
  deities, 
  are 
  often 
  strongly 
  marked 
  by 
  

   Christian 
  elements. 
  The 
  day 
  after 
  a 
  feast 
  there 
  is 
  always 
  a 
  communal 
  

   meal 
  in 
  the 
  village 
  during 
  which 
  the 
  sacrificed 
  animals 
  are 
  consumed 
  

   and 
  prayers 
  recited. 
  

  

  Carnival 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  very 
  important 
  pagan 
  feast 
  celebrated 
  jointly 
  by 
  

   the 
  two 
  moieties. 
  The 
  desired 
  fertility 
  is 
  symbolized 
  by 
  huge 
  wreaths 
  

   of 
  fruits 
  and 
  cheese 
  hung 
  from 
  the 
  church's 
  towers 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  outfit 
  

   of 
  the 
  dancers, 
  who 
  carry 
  bundles 
  of 
  fresh 
  grass, 
  strings 
  of 
  blown 
  eggs, 
  

   dead 
  ducks, 
  stuffed 
  vicunas, 
  and 
  other 
  objects. 
  Dances 
  to 
  the 
  sound 
  

   of 
  quenas 
  accompany 
  every 
  feast. 
  

  

  Private 
  cults. 
  — 
  When 
  a 
  house 
  is 
  built, 
  a 
  sheep 
  is 
  sacrificed 
  and 
  its 
  

   blood 
  sprinkled 
  against 
  the 
  walls 
  and 
  roof. 
  On 
  certain 
  occasions, 
  

   such 
  as 
  the 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  village 
  after 
  a 
  long 
  absence, 
  a 
  sheep 
  is 
  sacri- 
  

  

  