﻿Vol.2] 
  CULTURE 
  OF 
  N. 
  CHILEAN 
  COAST 
  — 
  BIRD 
  589 
  

  

  flaked 
  stone 
  tools. 
  These 
  last 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  widespread 
  artifacts 
  on 
  

   the 
  Chilean 
  Coast 
  and 
  continued 
  in 
  use 
  to 
  very 
  late 
  times 
  in 
  spite 
  

   of 
  radical 
  cultural 
  changes. 
  

  

  An 
  even 
  wider 
  distribution 
  of 
  this 
  early 
  culture 
  is 
  suggested 
  by 
  the 
  

   discovery 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  lava 
  bowls 
  at 
  Tiltil, 
  between 
  Santiago 
  and 
  

   Valparaiso, 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  composite 
  hooks 
  at 
  Llolleo, 
  south 
  of 
  Val- 
  

   paraiso. 
  At 
  Arica, 
  the 
  refuse 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  forms 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  per- 
  

   centage 
  of 
  the 
  total, 
  while 
  at 
  Taltal 
  it 
  constitutes 
  the 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  

   middens. 
  

  

  Second 
  preagricultural 
  period. 
  — 
  Above 
  this 
  Early 
  Period 
  at 
  Arica 
  

   and 
  Pisagua 
  is 
  the 
  Second 
  Prepottery 
  Period 
  characterized 
  by 
  bone 
  fish- 
  

   harpoon 
  forepieces 
  or 
  points 
  (pi. 
  123, 
  c, 
  d) 
  2 
  ; 
  barbs 
  and 
  points 
  for 
  sealing 
  

   harpoons, 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  different 
  pattern 
  from 
  that 
  used 
  earlier; 
  

   thorn 
  instead 
  of 
  shell 
  fishhooks 
  ; 
  cigar-shaped 
  fishline 
  sinkers 
  (pi. 
  123, 
  g) 
  ; 
  

   and 
  bolas 
  weights, 
  some 
  duplicating 
  the 
  earliest 
  forms 
  found 
  near 
  

   the 
  Straits 
  of 
  Magellan 
  (Bird, 
  1938, 
  fig. 
  25, 
  No. 
  7, 
  p. 
  273). 
  Among 
  

   chipped-stone 
  artifacts, 
  triangular 
  points 
  with 
  concave 
  base 
  predom- 
  

   inate, 
  although 
  a 
  barbed 
  and 
  narrow-stemmed 
  point, 
  possibly 
  for 
  

   arrows, 
  is 
  nearly 
  as 
  abundant. 
  Surviving 
  elements 
  from 
  the 
  Early 
  

   Period 
  are 
  the 
  double-ended 
  points, 
  lava 
  bowls, 
  and 
  coarse, 
  percussion- 
  

   flaked 
  stone 
  tools. 
  In 
  either 
  this 
  or 
  the 
  Early 
  Period, 
  if 
  not 
  in 
  both, 
  

   throwing 
  sticks 
  were 
  used. 
  The 
  remains 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  are 
  most 
  

   clearly 
  seen 
  at 
  Arica 
  and 
  Pisagua, 
  whereas 
  at 
  Taltal 
  it 
  is 
  marked 
  only 
  

   by 
  a 
  negligible 
  amount 
  of 
  refuse 
  and 
  by 
  certain 
  items 
  which, 
  like 
  the 
  

   bone 
  fish-harpoon 
  forepiece, 
  are 
  modified. 
  

  

  Agricultural 
  Period. 
  — 
  In 
  the 
  succeeding 
  period 
  (Arica 
  I 
  and 
  II), 
  

   coiled 
  basketry, 
  pottery 
  (pis. 
  121, 
  3 
  122), 
  weaving, 
  and 
  agriculture 
  

   appear 
  simultaneously. 
  Grave 
  finds 
  had 
  suggested 
  an 
  early 
  agri- 
  

  

  * 
  Explanation 
  of 
  Plate 
  123: 
  

  

  Fishing 
  and 
  hunting 
  equipment, 
  North 
  Chilean 
  Coast, 
  a, 
  Fish 
  harpoon 
  with 
  copper 
  point 
  and 
  rawhide 
  

   line, 
  probably 
  post-Spanish, 
  from 
  Caleta 
  Vitor; 
  b, 
  fish-harpoon 
  point 
  of 
  copper, 
  from 
  Arica; 
  c, 
  d, 
  fish-harpoon 
  

   points 
  of 
  bone 
  with 
  thorn 
  barbs, 
  prototype 
  of 
  copper 
  form, 
  from 
  Arica-Taltal 
  area; 
  e, 
  large 
  copper 
  hook 
  

   with 
  rawhide 
  leader 
  and 
  cotton 
  line, 
  from 
  Arica;/, 
  large 
  copper 
  hook, 
  from 
  Arica; 
  q, 
  stone 
  fishline 
  sinker 
  with 
  

   cord 
  fastened 
  to 
  projecting 
  knob, 
  from 
  Arica; 
  h, 
  fishline 
  of 
  cotton 
  with 
  stone 
  sinker 
  and 
  copper 
  hook, 
  from 
  

   Caleta 
  Vitor; 
  i, 
  squid 
  hook 
  or 
  jigger 
  of 
  copper, 
  from 
  Caleta 
  Vitor;;', 
  sea 
  lion 
  harpoon 
  with 
  stone 
  blade 
  and 
  

   iron 
  barb 
  from 
  Caleta 
  Vitor; 
  k, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece, 
  conical 
  butt, 
  copper 
  barb, 
  and 
  stone 
  point, 
  from 
  Arica- 
  

   Taltal 
  area; 
  I, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece 
  quiver 
  holding 
  7 
  conical 
  butt 
  forepieces 
  (the 
  type 
  associated 
  with 
  Arica 
  I 
  

   and 
  II 
  pottery), 
  from 
  Arica; 
  m, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece 
  (the 
  stone-point 
  type 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  "shell-fishhook" 
  

   culture) 
  , 
  from 
  Arica-Taltal 
  area; 
  n, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece 
  with 
  bone 
  barb 
  and 
  slot 
  for 
  triangular 
  blade, 
  from 
  

   Arica-Taltal 
  area; 
  o, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece 
  complete 
  (barb 
  type 
  associated 
  with 
  Pichalo 
  I 
  pottery 
  and 
  the 
  

   stake-marked 
  burials), 
  from 
  Puntas 
  Tetas, 
  near 
  Antofagasta; 
  p, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece 
  with 
  point 
  and 
  barb 
  

   formed 
  of 
  single 
  bone, 
  from 
  southern 
  Pert! 
  (?); 
  q, 
  harpoon 
  forepiece 
  with 
  sharpened 
  end, 
  instead 
  of 
  separate 
  

   point, 
  and 
  barb 
  of 
  bone 
  (the 
  type 
  associated 
  with 
  Pichalo 
  I 
  pottery), 
  from 
  southern 
  Pert 
  (?). 
  (Scale: 
  o 
  is 
  

   44 
  inches 
  [1.14 
  m.] 
  long.) 
  (Courtesy 
  American 
  Museum 
  of 
  Natural 
  History.) 
  

  

  3 
  Explanation 
  of 
  Plate 
  121: 
  

  

  Arica 
  I 
  and 
  Arica 
  II 
  pottery 
  from 
  North 
  Chile, 
  a-f, 
  Arica 
  I 
  style, 
  black 
  and 
  red 
  on 
  white; 
  e, 
  an 
  unusual 
  

   elliptical 
  form 
  painted 
  only 
  on 
  side 
  shown. 
  (Respective 
  heights: 
  9% 
  inches 
  (25 
  cm.); 
  5H 
  inches 
  (14 
  cm.); 
  

   5 
  inches 
  (12.7 
  cm.); 
  4% 
  inches 
  (11 
  cm.); 
  4H 
  (10.6 
  cm.); 
  2U 
  inches 
  (7 
  cm.).) 
  g-k, 
  Arica 
  II 
  style, 
  red, 
  black, 
  

   and 
  white 
  on 
  reddish-buff. 
  (Respective 
  heights: 
  iH 
  inches 
  (10.6 
  cm.); 
  3H 
  inches 
  (8.3 
  cm.); 
  5J4 
  inches 
  (14 
  

   cm.); 
  4% 
  inches 
  (12 
  cm.); 
  3J4 
  inches 
  (9 
  cm.).) 
  (6, 
  c, 
  e, 
  g, 
  h, 
  Courtesy 
  American 
  Museum 
  of 
  Natural 
  History; 
  

   others 
  courtesy 
  Museo 
  de 
  Historia 
  Nacional, 
  Santiago.) 
  

  

  