﻿590 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  cultural 
  stage 
  with 
  coiled 
  basketry 
  and 
  weaving 
  but 
  without 
  pottery, 
  

   paralleling 
  the 
  Basket 
  Maker 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Southwestern 
  United 
  

   States; 
  but 
  data 
  from 
  the 
  middens 
  failed 
  to 
  support 
  this 
  sequence. 
  

  

  Maize, 
  calabashes, 
  and 
  cotton 
  appear 
  together; 
  beans 
  are 
  perhaps 
  

   slightly 
  later. 
  Potatoes 
  are 
  rare 
  and 
  were 
  found 
  only 
  in 
  a 
  late 
  grave. 
  

   Coca 
  may 
  antedate 
  potatoes 
  but 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  used 
  by 
  

   the 
  first 
  farmers. 
  

  

  Textiles 
  (pis. 
  126, 
  128) 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  are 
  almost 
  exclusively 
  of 
  wool, 
  

   cotton 
  being 
  used 
  principally 
  for 
  fishlines 
  and 
  perhaps 
  spun 
  with 
  

   special 
  spindles 
  with 
  rectangular 
  whorls 
  that 
  appear 
  in 
  men's 
  graves. 
  

   Other 
  spinning 
  and 
  weaving 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  done 
  by 
  women. 
  

   Dyes, 
  at 
  first 
  rarely 
  used, 
  included 
  bright 
  red, 
  green, 
  and 
  blue, 
  with 
  a 
  

   variety 
  of 
  intermediate 
  shades. 
  Warp-stripe 
  cloth 
  is 
  common, 
  the 
  

   most 
  intricate 
  technique 
  being 
  that 
  used 
  to 
  make 
  warp 
  designs. 
  

   Tapestry 
  is 
  rare 
  and 
  used 
  only 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  simple, 
  elementary 
  

   patterns. 
  Embroidery 
  is 
  likewise 
  rare, 
  and, 
  like 
  tapestry, 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  

   limited 
  in 
  distribution. 
  

  

  Sherd 
  series 
  from 
  the 
  Coastal 
  middens 
  fail 
  to 
  corroborate 
  the 
  idea 
  

   that 
  pottery 
  was 
  introduced 
  into 
  North 
  Chile 
  by 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco. 
  

   In 
  fact, 
  at 
  Arica 
  and 
  Pisagua, 
  the 
  rare 
  Tiahuanaco 
  pieces 
  are 
  exotic 
  to 
  

   the 
  general 
  pattern 
  and 
  occur 
  considerably 
  after 
  the 
  first 
  pottery. 
  

   Their 
  influence 
  is 
  most 
  apparent 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  

   Antofagasta 
  and 
  northern 
  Atacama. 
  The 
  later 
  Inca 
  influence 
  seems 
  

   to 
  have 
  followed 
  the 
  same 
  geographical 
  route 
  but 
  extended 
  much 
  

   farther 
  to 
  the 
  south. 
  It 
  was 
  interrupted 
  by 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest 
  

   before 
  it 
  had 
  made 
  much 
  impression 
  on 
  the 
  established 
  ceramic 
  forms 
  

   and 
  designs. 
  Along 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  Tarapaca 
  and 
  

   Antofagasta, 
  painted 
  pottery 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  spread 
  southward 
  from 
  

   Peru, 
  for 
  designs 
  and 
  forms 
  known 
  from 
  Arequipa 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  

   diminishing 
  frequency 
  down 
  to 
  Taltal, 
  where 
  sherds 
  occur 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  middens. 
  The 
  bulk 
  of 
  this 
  ware 
  is 
  a 
  type 
  described 
  as 
  

   Chincha,- 
  Atacameno, 
  though 
  designs 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  exclusively 
  Ata- 
  

   cameno, 
  are 
  mixed 
  with 
  it 
  throughout. 
  There 
  is 
  even 
  some 
  reason 
  to 
  

   question 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  term 
  Chincha 
  in 
  referring 
  to 
  this 
  influence 
  

   from 
  Peru. 
  Typical 
  Chincha 
  forms 
  are 
  lacking 
  and 
  Chincha 
  designs 
  

   have 
  no 
  close 
  parallels 
  in 
  Chile. 
  Closest 
  are 
  certain 
  pieces 
  of 
  the 
  

   ceramics 
  designated 
  in 
  Peru 
  as 
  Churaj6n 
  style 
  (Kroeber, 
  1944, 
  fig. 
  3, 
  

   B 
  ; 
  pis. 
  1, 
  D 
  ; 
  2, 
  E) 
  . 
  These 
  are 
  identical 
  with 
  what 
  we 
  here 
  refer 
  to 
  as 
  

   Arica 
  I 
  and 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  reported 
  north 
  of 
  Arequipa. 
  Judging 
  

   from 
  the 
  evidence 
  found 
  at 
  Arica, 
  the 
  present 
  conception 
  of 
  Churaj6n 
  

   style 
  may 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  modified, 
  as 
  certain 
  differences 
  in 
  the 
  group 
  now 
  

   called 
  Curaj6n 
  seem 
  to 
  parallel 
  the 
  changes 
  which 
  occurred 
  in 
  the 
  

   course 
  of 
  time 
  at 
  Arica. 
  

  

  Although 
  this 
  ware 
  is 
  the 
  oldest 
  found 
  at 
  Arica, 
  material 
  from 
  

   Pisagua 
  suggests 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  preceded 
  by 
  a 
  simpler, 
  unpainted 
  pottery 
  

  

  