﻿Vol.2] 
  CULTURE 
  OF 
  N. 
  CHILEAN 
  COAST 
  — 
  BIRD 
  591 
  

  

  (Pichalo 
  I 
  and 
  II). 
  The 
  latter 
  is 
  not 
  readily 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  the 
  

   later 
  cooking 
  utensils 
  but 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  shallow 
  bowls 
  with 
  a 
  red 
  

   slip, 
  flaring 
  sides, 
  and 
  thickened 
  rims. 
  These 
  do 
  not 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Arica 
  

   sherd 
  series 
  and 
  nothing 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  their 
  origin 
  or 
  distribution. 
  

   Coiled 
  basketry 
  occurs 
  more 
  abundantly 
  with 
  this 
  ware 
  than 
  with 
  the 
  

   painted 
  pottery, 
  which 
  is 
  presumably 
  later. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  agriculture 
  and 
  ceramics, 
  there 
  are 
  other 
  distinctive 
  

   features 
  of 
  material 
  culture. 
  Sealing 
  harpoons 
  with 
  detachable 
  

   forepieces 
  have 
  a 
  new 
  type 
  of 
  stone 
  point. 
  Pack 
  baskets 
  are 
  made 
  

   with 
  a 
  frame 
  of 
  three 
  bent 
  crossed 
  sticks, 
  and 
  are 
  used 
  with 
  broad 
  

   carrying 
  straps. 
  Elements 
  carried 
  over 
  from, 
  or 
  duplicating, 
  those 
  in 
  

   the 
  Second 
  Preagricultural 
  Period 
  include: 
  Fishhooks, 
  thorns 
  being 
  

   replaced 
  by 
  copper 
  before 
  painted 
  pottery 
  appears 
  (pi. 
  123, 
  b, 
  e,f, 
  h); 
  

   slightly 
  modified 
  cigar-shaped 
  stone 
  sinkers; 
  detachable 
  bone 
  fore- 
  

   pieces 
  (pi. 
  123, 
  I, 
  n) 
  for 
  fish 
  harpoons, 
  which 
  disappear 
  and 
  are 
  re- 
  

   placed 
  by 
  ones 
  of 
  copper 
  (pi. 
  123, 
  k,) 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  painted 
  pottery; 
  

   and 
  throwing 
  sticks. 
  

  

  Although 
  narrow-stemmed 
  arrow 
  points 
  are 
  a 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  Second 
  

   Preagricultural 
  Period, 
  no 
  bows 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  deposits 
  older 
  than 
  

   painted 
  pottery. 
  The 
  arrows 
  have 
  wooden 
  and, 
  perhaps, 
  thorn 
  tips 
  

   and 
  two 
  feathers. 
  

  

  Other 
  elements 
  associated 
  only 
  with 
  painted 
  pottery 
  are 
  adzes 
  with 
  

   copper 
  blades, 
  wooden 
  balsas 
  or 
  rafts 
  made 
  of 
  one 
  long 
  central 
  log 
  and 
  

   two 
  shorter 
  side 
  logs, 
  double-bladed 
  paddles, 
  dogs, 
  and 
  llamas. 
  The 
  

   last 
  two 
  may 
  also 
  have 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  people 
  with 
  unpainted 
  pot- 
  

   tery, 
  but 
  the 
  wool 
  used 
  in 
  their 
  textiles 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  identified 
  and 
  

   other 
  evidence 
  is 
  lacking. 
  Kough, 
  percussion-flaked 
  stone 
  tools 
  are 
  

   also 
  carried 
  over 
  into 
  the 
  last 
  Agricultural 
  Period. 
  

  

  Burials. 
  — 
  Burial 
  customs 
  in 
  the 
  periods 
  mentioned 
  vary 
  consider- 
  

   ably. 
  Where 
  grave 
  goods 
  are 
  lacking, 
  it 
  is, 
  of 
  course, 
  impossible 
  to 
  fix 
  

   the 
  burials 
  in 
  the 
  midden 
  chronology. 
  At 
  Pichalo 
  there 
  were 
  several 
  

   bodies, 
  without 
  accompanying 
  artifacts, 
  which 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  placed 
  in 
  

   graves 
  but 
  had 
  lain 
  exposed 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  on 
  what 
  had 
  been 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  at 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  First 
  Preagricultural 
  Period. 
  

  

  Prepared 
  burials 
  of 
  two 
  types, 
  found 
  at 
  Arica 
  and 
  Pisagua, 
  also 
  

   appear 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  prepottery 
  periods. 
  In 
  the 
  burial 
  type 
  which 
  

   may 
  be 
  the 
  older, 
  the 
  body 
  is 
  extended 
  on 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  reed 
  mats, 
  

   with 
  and 
  without 
  birdskin 
  robes 
  and 
  rarely 
  with 
  artifacts. 
  It 
  is 
  

   sometimes 
  accompanied 
  by 
  artificially 
  mummified 
  babies, 
  which 
  were 
  

   carefully 
  prepared 
  with 
  sticks 
  inserted 
  to 
  reinforce 
  the 
  arms 
  and 
  legs, 
  

   the 
  faces 
  coated 
  with 
  clay 
  and 
  painted, 
  and 
  the 
  heads 
  equipped 
  with 
  

   artificial 
  wigs. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  second 
  type, 
  the 
  body 
  is 
  flexed 
  and 
  folded 
  in 
  rush 
  matting 
  and 
  

   covered 
  with 
  bird-skin 
  or 
  guanaco 
  robes. 
  Women 
  have 
  pubic 
  cover- 
  

   ings 
  of 
  loose 
  plant 
  fiber, 
  men 
  of 
  woolen 
  cords 
  held 
  together 
  with 
  

  

  595682—46 
  40 
  

  

  