﻿592 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  twined 
  cross 
  strands. 
  Grave 
  goods 
  are 
  not 
  always 
  present 
  and 
  follow 
  

   no 
  fixed 
  pattern. 
  

  

  Burials 
  contemporary 
  with 
  unpainted 
  pottery 
  resemble 
  the 
  flexed 
  

   burials 
  just 
  mentioned, 
  and 
  are 
  covered 
  or 
  wrapped 
  with 
  rush 
  matting. 
  

   The 
  graves 
  are 
  frequently 
  marked 
  with 
  upright 
  wooden 
  posts. 
  The 
  

   bodies 
  wear 
  coarse, 
  woolen, 
  sleeveless 
  shirts 
  and 
  are 
  almost 
  invariably 
  

   accompanied 
  by 
  coiled 
  baskets 
  and 
  some 
  grave 
  goods, 
  but 
  very 
  rarely 
  

   by 
  pottery. 
  There 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  no 
  rule 
  as 
  to 
  what 
  items 
  

   should 
  be 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  graves. 
  

  

  In 
  graves 
  which 
  are 
  contemporary 
  with 
  the 
  painted 
  pottery 
  at 
  

   Arica, 
  the 
  bodies 
  are 
  in 
  a 
  seated 
  position, 
  covered 
  with 
  sleeveless 
  

   shirts 
  and 
  bound 
  with 
  cords. 
  Sometimes 
  rectangular 
  stone 
  vaults 
  or 
  

   cists 
  were 
  used, 
  but 
  not 
  always. 
  Maize 
  flour 
  or 
  ears 
  of 
  maize 
  or 
  both 
  

   and 
  sometimes 
  beans 
  were 
  provided 
  as 
  food. 
  Special 
  miniature 
  pot- 
  

   tery 
  vessels 
  duplicating 
  the 
  larger 
  ones 
  used 
  in 
  life 
  were 
  made; 
  the 
  

   pots 
  in 
  the 
  older 
  graves 
  are 
  generally 
  painted, 
  whereas 
  the 
  later 
  ware 
  

   is 
  roughly 
  finished. 
  With 
  the 
  males, 
  both 
  adults 
  and 
  children, 
  are 
  

   model 
  rafts 
  and 
  paddles. 
  Miniature 
  bows 
  and 
  arrows, 
  sealing 
  and 
  

   fish 
  harpoons, 
  adzes, 
  full-sized 
  fishing 
  fines, 
  spindles, 
  and 
  coca 
  bags 
  

   were 
  sometimes 
  provided 
  (pis. 
  124, 
  125). 
  With 
  women, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  

   food 
  and 
  vessels, 
  are 
  coca 
  bags, 
  spindles, 
  and 
  miniature 
  loom 
  sticks. 
  

   Both 
  men 
  and 
  women 
  have 
  small 
  reed 
  mats 
  and 
  sometimes 
  gourd 
  

   containers, 
  composite 
  combs, 
  and 
  dogs. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  graves 
  at 
  Arica 
  and 
  Pisagua 
  have 
  yielded 
  strictly 
  Tiahuanaco 
  

   vessels, 
  but 
  no 
  detailed 
  descriptions 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  been 
  published. 
  

  

  How 
  far 
  south 
  this 
  pattern 
  of 
  burial 
  customs 
  occurs 
  remains 
  to 
  be 
  

   seen. 
  Uhle 
  supposed 
  extended 
  burials 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  oldest 
  at 
  Arica, 
  but, 
  

   as 
  none 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  south 
  of 
  Iquique, 
  and 
  the 
  artifacts 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  

   period 
  of 
  occupation 
  are 
  increasingly 
  abundant 
  down 
  to 
  Taltal 
  and 
  

   are 
  known 
  beyond, 
  there 
  is 
  reason 
  to 
  doubt 
  his 
  conclusion. 
  Presum- 
  

   ably, 
  such 
  burials 
  should 
  occur 
  within 
  the 
  radius 
  of 
  distribution 
  of 
  

   associated 
  artifacts, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  check. 
  Too 
  frequently, 
  

   material 
  has 
  been 
  collected 
  from 
  the 
  graves 
  with 
  utter 
  disregard 
  of 
  

   accurate 
  records 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  poorly 
  preserved 
  specimens. 
  

  

  Problems 
  of 
  culture 
  relationships. 
  — 
  At 
  Taltal, 
  a 
  great 
  mass 
  of 
  

   material 
  has 
  been 
  collected 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  the 
  object 
  of 
  much 
  dis- 
  

   cussion. 
  Attention 
  has 
  focused 
  largely 
  on 
  the 
  interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  

   abundant, 
  rough, 
  percussion-flaked 
  tools 
  made 
  of 
  impure 
  basalt. 
  A 
  

   few 
  of 
  these 
  bear 
  a 
  resemblance 
  to 
  European 
  paleolithic 
  specimens, 
  

   which, 
  together 
  with 
  statements 
  that 
  these 
  occur 
  in 
  a 
  stratum 
  where 
  

   pressure-flaked 
  objects 
  are 
  absent, 
  has 
  given 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  claim 
  that 
  

   Taltal 
  has 
  had 
  a 
  truly 
  Paleolithic 
  Period. 
  Recent 
  stratigraphic 
  tests 
  

   of 
  the 
  two 
  largest 
  middens 
  fail 
  to 
  support 
  this. 
  

  

  An 
  examination 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  quantity 
  of 
  the 
  coarse 
  stonework 
  indi- 
  

   cates 
  that 
  the 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  objects 
  are 
  localized 
  variations 
  of 
  the 
  coarse 
  

  

  