﻿Vol.2] 
  CULTURE 
  OF 
  N. 
  CHILEAN 
  COAST 
  — 
  BIRD 
  593 
  

  

  percussion-flaked 
  objects 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  all 
  periods 
  at 
  Arica, 
  and 
  are 
  

   distributed 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Cape 
  Horn 
  (Bird 
  1938, 
  pp. 
  272, 
  

   273, 
  figs. 
  21; 
  22; 
  27, 
  No. 
  29). 
  Normally, 
  these 
  artifacts 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  

   oval, 
  waterworn, 
  porphyry 
  cobblestones, 
  which 
  are 
  unilaterally 
  flaked. 
  

   From 
  their 
  geographical 
  and 
  chronological 
  distribution, 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  as- 
  

   sumed 
  that 
  they 
  served 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  purposes, 
  but 
  the 
  terms 
  "hand 
  ax" 
  

   or 
  "chopper" 
  may 
  be 
  justified. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  porphyry 
  of 
  which 
  these 
  pieces 
  normally 
  were 
  manufactured 
  

   is 
  rare 
  at 
  Taltal, 
  basalt 
  was 
  substituted, 
  and 
  a 
  technique 
  different 
  

   from 
  that 
  employed 
  with 
  the 
  harder 
  material 
  was 
  used 
  to 
  shape 
  it. 
  

   An 
  initial 
  fracture 
  exposed 
  an 
  unweathered 
  surface, 
  from 
  which 
  flakes 
  

   were 
  subsequently 
  removed. 
  These 
  flaked 
  objects 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  

   classed 
  as 
  cores, 
  except 
  that 
  the 
  flakes 
  removed 
  were 
  only 
  rarely 
  uti- 
  

   lized 
  and 
  all 
  their 
  forms 
  are 
  duplicated 
  among 
  the 
  objects 
  made 
  from 
  

   the 
  ordinary 
  cobbles. 
  

  

  Many 
  exceedingly 
  skillfully 
  chipped 
  stone 
  blades 
  and 
  points 
  also 
  

   occur 
  in 
  Taltal 
  collections. 
  It 
  is 
  believed 
  that 
  these 
  date 
  principally 
  

   from 
  the 
  period 
  just 
  prior 
  to 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  agriculture. 
  Actually, 
  

   agriculture, 
  because 
  of 
  lack 
  of 
  arable 
  land 
  near 
  Taltal, 
  has 
  never 
  

   played 
  an 
  important 
  part 
  in 
  the 
  local 
  economy. 
  Intensive 
  digging 
  in 
  

   late 
  cemeteries, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  graves 
  covered 
  with 
  mounds 
  of 
  

   earth 
  that 
  are 
  readily 
  found, 
  has 
  yielded 
  collections 
  which 
  give 
  more 
  

   emphasis 
  to 
  the 
  later 
  artifacts 
  than 
  they 
  deserve. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  interior 
  behind 
  Taltal, 
  up 
  through 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Antofa- 
  

   gasta, 
  and 
  south 
  into 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Atacama 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Caldera, 
  is 
  

   the 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  culture 
  designated 
  as 
  Atacameno. 
  Basically 
  agri- 
  

   cultural, 
  its 
  earliest 
  phase 
  strongly 
  resembles 
  the 
  first 
  Agricultural 
  

   Period 
  at 
  Pisagua, 
  but 
  lacks 
  the 
  elements 
  of 
  Coastal 
  life. 
  The 
  people 
  

   made 
  many 
  coiled 
  baskets, 
  practiced 
  weaving, 
  and, 
  if 
  the 
  Coastal 
  

   middens 
  and 
  cemeteries 
  are 
  an 
  index, 
  had 
  unpainted 
  pottery 
  which 
  

   was 
  rarely 
  placed 
  with 
  the 
  dead. 
  Here, 
  as 
  mentioned, 
  a 
  marginal 
  

   phase 
  of 
  Tiahuanaco 
  culture 
  is 
  in 
  evidence. 
  Latcham 
  attributes 
  the 
  

   introduction 
  of 
  pottery 
  to 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  peoples, 
  the 
  Atacameno 
  

   developing 
  their 
  own 
  styles 
  and 
  forms 
  subsequently. 
  The 
  Atacameno 
  

   pottery, 
  however, 
  lacks 
  similarity 
  to 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  ware 
  and 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  most 
  characteristic 
  Atacameno 
  pieces 
  are 
  found 
  below 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  above 
  the 
  Tiahuanaco 
  sherds, 
  which 
  are 
  exotic 
  at 
  Arica. 
  The 
  bal- 
  

   ance 
  of 
  the 
  associated 
  forms 
  and 
  designs 
  found 
  at 
  Arica 
  — 
  those 
  classed 
  

   as 
  a 
  blend 
  of 
  Chincha 
  and 
  Atacameno 
  — 
  are 
  reported 
  to 
  occur 
  sub- 
  

   sequently 
  up 
  until 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  Inca. 
  A 
  conspicuous 
  feature 
  

   associated 
  with 
  them 
  is 
  the 
  asymmetric 
  cooking 
  pot 
  ("pato"), 
  which 
  

   does 
  not 
  accompany 
  these 
  forms 
  farther 
  north. 
  

  

  It 
  may 
  be 
  that 
  far 
  less 
  cultural 
  evolution 
  has^occurred 
  in 
  F 
  ,this 
  area 
  

   than 
  is* 
  supposed; 
  that 
  what 
  are 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  local 
  styles 
  or' 
  blends 
  

   developed 
  outside 
  the 
  region. 
  In 
  any 
  case, 
  more 
  data 
  from 
  Bolivia 
  and 
  

  

  