﻿596 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  miles 
  of 
  coastline; 
  and 
  that 
  they 
  had 
  established 
  early 
  contacts 
  with 
  

   the 
  Spaniards 
  which 
  did 
  not 
  materially 
  alter 
  their 
  way 
  of 
  life. 
  

  

  The 
  estimate 
  that 
  their 
  territory 
  extended 
  along 
  800 
  miles 
  of 
  Coast 
  

   between 
  the 
  Eio 
  Loa 
  and 
  the 
  Kio 
  Choapa 
  may 
  be 
  too 
  small 
  (Latcham, 
  

   1910, 
  p. 
  22). 
  Whether 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  cultural 
  and 
  linguistic 
  unity 
  over 
  

   this 
  distance 
  is 
  not 
  recorded. 
  From 
  archeological 
  remains 
  antedating 
  

   the 
  Spanish 
  invasion 
  by 
  only 
  a 
  relatively 
  short 
  time, 
  it 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  

   there 
  were 
  marked 
  regional 
  cultural 
  differences 
  with 
  a 
  slow 
  diffusion 
  

   of 
  cultural 
  elements 
  occurring 
  from 
  north 
  to 
  south 
  (Bird, 
  1943, 
  pp. 
  

   307-08). 
  | 
  

  

  With 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  vague 
  historic 
  references 
  to 
  Uru 
  along 
  the 
  

   northern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  of 
  the 
  Chilean 
  desert, 
  even 
  less 
  can 
  be 
  

   deduced 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  Chango. 
  Most 
  significant 
  is 
  perhaps 
  

   the 
  absence 
  of 
  direct 
  parallels 
  in 
  archeological 
  material 
  from 
  that 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  with 
  the 
  material 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Uru 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  

   Titicaca 
  drainage 
  system. 
  Even 
  though 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  superficial 
  

   resemblances 
  of 
  clothing, 
  footgear, 
  coca 
  bags, 
  and 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  bolas, 
  

   and 
  a 
  similarity 
  in 
  way 
  of 
  life, 
  the 
  distinctions 
  in 
  their 
  dwellings 
  and 
  

   hunting 
  and 
  fishing 
  gear 
  justify 
  the 
  belief 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  direct 
  

   connection. 
  

  

  CULTURE 
  

  

  Recorded 
  data 
  on 
  the 
  material 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Chango 
  are 
  extremely 
  

   meager, 
  and 
  what 
  there 
  is 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  fully 
  compiled. 
  D'Or- 
  

   bigny's 
  brief 
  observations 
  in 
  1830 
  (1835-47, 
  2:350-51, 
  466-67; 
  4:151- 
  

   52) 
  are 
  perhaps 
  the 
  best. 
  At 
  that 
  time, 
  at 
  Cobija, 
  they 
  spoke 
  Spanish 
  

   and 
  were 
  living 
  in 
  simple 
  huts 
  or 
  shelters 
  consisting 
  of 
  four 
  posts 
  

   covered 
  with 
  sea 
  lion 
  skins 
  and 
  kelp 
  and 
  located 
  5 
  to 
  6 
  miles 
  (8 
  to 
  10 
  

   km.) 
  from 
  drinking 
  water. 
  The 
  women 
  used 
  pack 
  baskets 
  made 
  with 
  

   a 
  crossed-stick 
  foundation 
  and 
  carried 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  tump 
  strap 
  or 
  

   line. 
  They 
  wove 
  fairly 
  good 
  cloth 
  but 
  patterned 
  their 
  clothes 
  after 
  

   the 
  Spanish 
  styles. 
  The 
  men 
  used 
  inflated 
  skin 
  rafts, 
  double-bladed 
  

   paddles, 
  and 
  fish 
  harpoons. 
  Though 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  fish 
  nets 
  and 
  small 
  

   sails 
  is 
  reported 
  among 
  fishermen 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  type 
  of 
  raft 
  at 
  Val- 
  

   paraiso 
  (Fr6zier, 
  1717, 
  pp. 
  120-21), 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  either 
  his- 
  

   torical 
  or 
  archeological 
  that 
  these 
  were 
  ever 
  used 
  farther 
  north. 
  

  

  Later 
  writers 
  add 
  but 
  little 
  to 
  these 
  meager 
  data 
  and 
  far 
  too 
  often 
  

   confuse 
  their 
  accounts 
  by 
  drawing 
  on 
  archeological 
  material 
  of 
  ques- 
  

   tionable 
  Chango 
  origin 
  to 
  round 
  out 
  their 
  discussion. 
  The 
  commercial 
  

   development 
  of 
  North 
  Chile 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  century 
  completed 
  the 
  final 
  

   assimilation 
  of 
  what 
  remained 
  of 
  Chango 
  culture. 
  

  

  Those 
  to 
  whom 
  the 
  name 
  is 
  now 
  applied 
  are, 
  as 
  stated, 
  the 
  poorer 
  

   Coastal 
  inhabitants, 
  sedentary 
  folk 
  content 
  with 
  a 
  meager 
  livelihood 
  

   derived 
  from 
  a 
  combination 
  of 
  fishing, 
  marginal 
  farming, 
  fuel 
  gathering, 
  

   work 
  as 
  stevedores, 
  and, 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  areas, 
  hunting. 
  Some 
  have 
  a 
  few 
  

  

  